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Physical Review A

Roles of degenerate Zeeman levels in electromagnetically induced transparency

Ying-Cheng Chen, Chung-Wei Lin, Ite A. Yu

Published Apr 10, 2000• 52 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have observed various $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) spectra in laser-cooled ${}^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ atoms of different laser polarization configurations. Unexpected profiles occur in the EIT spectra. We have found the degenerate Zeeman sublevels are responsible for these profiles. The experimental data are in good agreement with the results from the theoretical calculation which takes into account all the 13 Zeeman levels in the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ system. Our study demonstrates that Zeeman sublevels play important roles in quantum interference phenomena such as EIT and amplification without population inversion (AWI), and should be taken into account in the analysis of these phenomena.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.61.053805

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We have observed various \ensuremathΛ\ensuremath{\Lambda}\ensuremathΛ-type electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) spectra in laser-cooled 87Rb{}^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atoms of different laser polarization configurations. Unexpected profiles occur in the EIT spectra. We have found the degenerate Zeeman sublevels are responsible for these profiles. The experimental data are in good agreement with the results from the theoretical calculation which takes into account all the 13 Zeeman levels in the \ensuremathΛ\ensuremath{\Lambda}\ensuremathΛ system. Our study demonstrates that Zeeman sublevels play important roles in quantum interference phenomena such as EIT and amplification without population inversion (AWI), and should be taken into account in the analysis of these phenomena.
The polarization spectra of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) for Zeeman sublevels in a cascade system with Rydberg state are demonstrated. The magnitude dependence of Rydberg-EIT on the polarizations of probe and coupling laser fields is studied, and shown mainly due to the strengths of relative dipole matrix elements between degenerate Zeeman sublevels. We further investigate the polarization spectra of Rydberg-EIT in the optimal polarization combinations of left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized fields when an external magnetic field is applied. The existence of nondegenerate Zeeman sublevels in an external magnetic field results in the splitting of Rydberg-EIT. The theoretical calculations are very consistent with the experimental spectra.
Employing two lasers as the coupling and probe fields which have opposite circular polarization (σ + and σ -), electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in Λ-type Zeeman sublevels of cesium 6 2S 1/2F=3-6 2P 3/2F′=2 degenerate two-level system has been demonstrated via probe absorption spectra. The effect of the intensity and detuning of different coupling. Laser on EII was also investigated in experiments. Within the Doppler background, optical pumping among Zeeman sub-levels and the population of different Zeeman sub-levels can dominate the intensity of EIT effect. And the physical reason of the rugged spectra are presented qualitatively.
In this paper, we present a theoretical model for studying the interaction between linearly polarized laser light and near-degenerated Zeeman sublevels for a multiple V-type atomic system of $^{2}S_{1∕2}{F}_{g}=2\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^{2}P_{3∕2}{F}_{e}=3$ transition in 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb. We have calculated the laser absorption in a Hanle configuration, as well as the amplitudes and the widths of electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) in the range of laser intensities from 0.01to40mW∕cm20.01\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}40\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mW}∕{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}0.01to40mW∕cm2. Our results, showing nonvanishing EIA amplitude, a nonmonotonic increase of the EIA width for the increase of laser intensity, and pronounced shape differences of the Hanle EIA curves at different laser intensities, are in good agreement with recent experimental results. We have found that the EIA behaves differently than the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) as a function of the laser intensity. Both the amplitude and width of the EIA have narrow maximums at 1to2mW∕cm21\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mW}∕{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}1to2mW∕cm2. We have shown the strong influence of Doppler broadening of atomic transition on Hanle resonances and have suggested the explanation of it.
This paper thoroughly elucidates the relative intensities of the probe transmission in a ladder-type electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) system by considering the optical pumping effect. The observed EIT spectra reveal a different probe or coupling power dependence for various transmission peaks. In addition to causing quantum interference, the probe and coupling laser fields realign the population of Zeeman sublevels in the ground state through optical pumping. Analytical results indicate that the re-distribution levels, failing to contribute to the EIT peaks, either out of transition path or zero transition probability, significantly affect the transmission intensity.
We present experimental results on the influence of magnetic fields and laser polarization on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) using Rydberg levels of ^{87} 87 Rb atoms. The measurements are performed in a room temperature vapor cell with two counter-propagating laser beams at 480 m and 780 m in a ladder-type energy level scheme. We measure the EIT spectrum of a range of ns_{1/2} n s 1 / 2 Rydberg states for n=19-27 n = 19 − 27 , where the hyperfine structure can still be resolved. Our measurements span the range of magnetic fields from the low field linear Zeeman regime to the high field Paschen-Back regimes. The observed spectra are very sensitive to small changes in magnetic fields and the polarization of the laser beams. We model our observations using optical Bloch equations that take into account the full multi-level structure of the atomic states involved and the decoupling of the electronic J J and nuclear I I angular momenta in the Breit-Rabi regime. The numerical model yields excellent agreement with the observations. In addition to EIT related experiments, our results are relevant for experiments involving coherent excitation to Rydberg levels in the presence of magnetic fields.
We report characterization of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonances in the D1 line of (87)Rb under various experimental conditions. The dependence of the EIT linewidth on the power of the pump field was investigated at various temperatures for the ground states of the lambda system associated with different hyperfine levels of the atomic 5S(1/2) state as well as magnetic sublevels of the same hyperfine level. Strictly linear behavior was observed in all cases. A theoretical analysis of our results shows that dephasing in the ground state is the main source of decoherence, with population exchange playing a minor role.