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arXiv:physics/0108003 · Physical Review A

Narrowing of electromagnetically induced transparency resonance in a Doppler-broadened medium

Ali Javan, Olga A. Kocharovskaya, Hwang Lee, Marlan O. Scully

Published Jul 15, 2002• 201 citations
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Abstract

We derive an analytic expression for the linewidth of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonance in a Doppler-broadened system. It is shown here that for relatively low intensity of the driving field the EIT linewidth is proportional to the square root of intensity and is independent of the Doppler width, similar to the laser-induced line narrowing effect described by Feld and Javan. In the limit of high intensity we recover the usual power-broadening case where the EIT linewidth is proportional to the intensity and inversely proportional to the Doppler width.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.66.013805

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We derive an analytic expression for the linewidth of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonance in a Doppler-broadened system. It is shown here that for relatively low intensity of the driving field the EIT linewidth is proportional to the square root of intensity and is independent of the Doppler width, similar to the laser-induced line narrowing effect described by Feld and Javan. In the limit of high intensity we recover the usual power-broadening case where the EIT linewidth is proportional to the intensity and inversely proportional to the Doppler width.
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We show for the first time an explicit expression of the linewidth of an EIT resonance in an inhomogeneously broadened three-level (Lambda) system, and the conditions for the dependence of the linewidth on a driving field strength. Both gaseous systems with the Doppler effect and solid media in which inhomogeneity of the crystalline field results in a broad distribution of atomic center frequencies are considered. We find two extreme cases: in one extreme the linewidth of EIT resonance is proportional to the intensity of a drive laser. And in the other it is proportional to the Rabi frequency of a drive laser, which recovers the result obtained by Feld and Javan. The dispersive properties of EIT, leading to slow group velocity of light, in an inhomogeneously broadened system are also considered.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) can make an otherwise opaque medium transparent by utilizing quantum coherence. EIT has attracted great interest since the 1990s for its wide applications in metrology, nonlinear and quantum optics, and quantum information science. We present a review on spectral line narrowing mechanisms in EIT-related systems, accounting for linewidths much narrower than expected from the standard mechanisms of Doppler broadening, transit time broadening, magnetic field inhomogeneity and power broadening. Topics covered include Dicke narrowing, atomic-motion-induced Ramsey narrowing, motional narrowing, density narrowing, laser induced narrowing and power-broadening-free resonance. Intuitive pictures are provided to describe the essential physics of each mechanism.
We have investigated the spectra of the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) when a cell is filled with a buffer gas. Our theoretical results show that the buffer gas can induce a narrower spectra line and steeper dispersion than those of the usual EIT case in a homogeneous and Doppler broadened system. The linewidth decreases with the increase of the buffer gas pressure. This narrow spectra may be applied to quantum information processing, nonlinear optics and atomic frequency standard.
Power broadening effects on Electromagnetically Induced Transparency in 20^{20}20Ne vapor
We report here the first observation of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in 20^{20}20Ne. The power broadening of the EIT linewidth is measured as a function of neon pressure and RF excitation power. Doppler effects on the EIT broadening are found even at low pressures and low intensities, where the linewidth should be governed only by homogeneous effects.
Summary form only given. Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and related phenomena such as lasing without inversion (LWI) are topics of increasing interest in quantum optics. In EIT, an otherwise absorbing medium is made transparent to a weak coherent field on resonance with a certain atomic transition by applying an intense coherent "driving" field to an adjacent transition. There has been a large number of theoretical papers and EIT was demonstrated experimentally. Up to now, most theoretical papers dealing with EIT in gas media have considered only the case of a traveling (TW) driving field. In contrast, we study EIT in Doppler broadened three-level media with standing wave (SW) driving and focus our analysis into the advantages of using a SW driving configuration instead of a TW one when the frequency of the probe field is larger than that of the driving field, i.e., the so-called frequency up-conversion regime.