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Optics Express

Active polarization stabilization in optical fibers suitable for quantum key distribution

Jie Chen, Guang Wu, Yao Li, E Wu, Heping Zeng

Published Jan 1, 2007• 72 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Polarization feedback control of single-photon pulses has been achieved in long-distance fibers for more than 10 hours, which facilitated "one-way" polarization-encoded quantum key distribution with long-term stabilities. Experimental test of polarization encoding in 75 km fibers demonstrated that the single-photon polarization transformation in long-distance fibers could be controlled to provide a typical QBER of (3.9+/-1.5)% within a long-term operation of 620 minutes.

DOI
10.1364/oe.15.017928

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Polarization feedback control of single-photon pulses has been achieved in long-distance fibers for more than 10 hours, which facilitated "one-way" polarization-encoded quantum key distribution with long-term stabilities. Experimental test of polarization encoding in 75 km fibers demonstrated that the single-photon polarization transformation in long-distance fibers could be controlled to provide a typical QBER of (3.9+/-1.5)% within a long-term operation of 620 minutes.
Polarizations of single-photon pulses have been controlled with long-term stability of more than 10 hours by using an active feedback technique for auto-compensation of unpredictable polarization scrambling in long-distance fiber. Experimental tests of long-term operations in 50, 75 and 100 km fibers demonstrated that such a single-photon polarization control supported stable polarization encoding in long-distance fibers to facilitate stable one-way fiber system for polarization-encoded quantum key distribution, providing quantum bit error rates below the absolute security threshold.
Polarization-encoding provides a promising approach for the practical quantum key distribution (QKD) system due to the simple encoding and decoding method. Here we present a long-term stable polarization-encoding QKD with a real-time polarization control. The polarization of the signal photons in the optical fiber was maintained stable by using time-division-multiplexed reference pulses for feedback control. We implemented this technique in the QKD experiment in 50 km fiber to show that it could facilitate polarization-encoded quantum communication. The system operated stably for ∼460 min, and the quantum bit error rate was ∼5.27%. The raw key generating rate in this system was kept stable at ∼500 bits s -1 . The advantages and disadvantages of the previous polarization-control schemes were also rigorously analyzed.
Abstract We experimentally demonstrate the compatibility of wavelength multiplexed active polarization stabilization for quantum communication in an optical fiber carrying telecom traffic. One of the feedback control channels contains a 9.953 Gb/s datastream generated from a BER meter. We verify the ability to transmit single‐photons in the two opposite directions of a 23‐km optical fiber spool, while maintaining their state of polarization stable and a classical BER in the feedback channel error‐free, during 6 h of continuous operation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2661–2665, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop26320
We demonstrate the decoy-state quantum key distribution (QKD) with one-way quantum communication in polarization space over 102 km. Further, we simplify the experimental setup and use only one detector to implement the one-way decoy-state QKD over 75 km, with the advantage to overcome the security loopholes due to the efficiency mismatch of detectors. Our experimental implementation can really offer the unconditionally secure final keys. We use 3 different intensities of 0, 0.2, and 0.6 for the light sources in our experiment. In order to eliminate the influences of polarization mode dispersion in the long-distance single-mode optical fiber, an automatic polarization compensation system is utilized to implement the active compensation.
A model for quantum BER estimation in polarization encoded quantum key distribution systems is presented. Both TDM and WDM based polarization control schemes are analyzed. It is shown that TDM presents some important advantages when compared with the WDM control scheme. In WDM, the polarization decorrelation between the reference and data signals is an intrinsic and very limitative impairment. This effect has a contribution to quantum BER that increases with the propagation distance, and is highly dependent on the fiber polarization mode dispersion. In the TDM control scheme, the polarization decorrelation is less critical and other issues, like the single photon detector and feedback polarization control system performance tend to dominate. We show that for long distances the fiber losses represent the main contribution to the total quantum BER. Nevertheless, for distances shorter than 70 km and frequencies higher than 5 MHz the after pulse detections provide an important contribution to the total quantum BER.