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arXiv:0912.4433 · Microwave and Optical Technology Letters

Active polarization control for quantum communication in long‐distance optical fibers with shared telecom traffic

GUILHERME BARRETO XAVIER, G. Vilela de Faria, Thiago Ferreira da Silva, Guilherme P. Temporão, Jean Pierre von der Weid

Published Aug 19, 2011• 24 citations
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Abstract

Abstract We experimentally demonstrate the compatibility of wavelength multiplexed active polarization stabilization for quantum communication in an optical fiber carrying telecom traffic. One of the feedback control channels contains a 9.953 Gb/s datastream generated from a BER meter. We verify the ability to transmit single‐photons in the two opposite directions of a 23‐km optical fiber spool, while maintaining their state of polarization stable and a classical BER in the feedback channel error‐free, during 6 h of continuous operation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2661–2665, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop26320

DOI
10.1002/mop.26320

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Abstract We experimentally demonstrate the compatibility of wavelength multiplexed active polarization stabilization for quantum communication in an optical fiber carrying telecom traffic. One of the feedback control channels contains a 9.953 Gb/s datastream generated from a BER meter. We verify the ability to transmit single‐photons in the two opposite directions of a 23‐km optical fiber spool, while maintaining their state of polarization stable and a classical BER in the feedback channel error‐free, during 6 h of continuous operation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2661–2665, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop26320
Polarizations of single-photon pulses have been controlled with long-term stability of more than 10 hours by using an active feedback technique for auto-compensation of unpredictable polarization scrambling in long-distance fiber. Experimental tests of long-term operations in 50, 75 and 100 km fibers demonstrated that such a single-photon polarization control supported stable polarization encoding in long-distance fibers to facilitate stable one-way fiber system for polarization-encoded quantum key distribution, providing quantum bit error rates below the absolute security threshold.
Polarization-encoding provides a promising approach for the practical quantum key distribution (QKD) system due to the simple encoding and decoding method. Here we present a long-term stable polarization-encoding QKD with a real-time polarization control. The polarization of the signal photons in the optical fiber was maintained stable by using time-division-multiplexed reference pulses for feedback control. We implemented this technique in the QKD experiment in 50 km fiber to show that it could facilitate polarization-encoded quantum communication. The system operated stably for ∼460 min, and the quantum bit error rate was ∼5.27%. The raw key generating rate in this system was kept stable at ∼500 bits s -1 . The advantages and disadvantages of the previous polarization-control schemes were also rigorously analyzed.
Here we report the experimental implementation of a linear-optics partial Bell-state analyzer following the propagation of single-photons through long telecommunication optical fibers. Polarization encoded weak coherent states were sent from independent remote continuous wave faint laser sources over two 8.5 km long optical fiber spools. Automatic polarization stabilization systems were used in each spool to compensate the random polarization drift. We demonstrate stable two-photon interference with a dip visibility of 47.8% over a 40 minute time-interval, close to the theoretical maximum of 50% for weak coherent states. We successfully show that it is possible to carry out remote long-distance Bell-state analysis of polarization weak coherent states in spite of random residual birefringence fluctuations in optical fibers. These results pave the way for important applications in quantum communications with polarization qubits such as measurement device-independent quantum key distribution and quantum repeaters.
We experimentally stabilise the polarisation drift between the arms of an 8 km-long fibre-optical Mach-Zehnder interferometer, while simultaneously compensating the phase fluctuations. The single photons are wavelength-multiplexed with three classical channels, which are used as feedback for the control systems. Two of these channels are used for the active polarisation control systems, while the other is used to phase-lock the interferometer. We demonstrate long-term stabilisation of the single-photon visibility when polarisation control is used.
Research into long-distance quantum memory-based networking to date has exclusively used dark fibers. This avoids the detector background from telecommunications (telecom) traffic, but as a result excludes many fibers deployed in the field. If memory-photon entanglement and telecom signals coexist on one fiber, the entire classical fiber infrastructure becomes available for quantum links. We present the first experimental demonstration of such coexistence. Ion-photon entanglement using 1092 nm photons emitted by a Strontium-88 ion is distributed over a deployed 2.8 km fiber loop which carries Ethernet and 5G traffic. All classical control signals required to coordinate the quantum transmitter and receiver systems co-propagate on the same fiber. These include fiber sensing for polarization stabilization. Our results demonstrate that memory-based quantum networks can be realized on active classical network infrastructure.