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arXiv:quant-ph/0606108

Stable polarization-encoded quantum key distribution in fiber

Guang Wu, Jie Chen, Yao Li, Heping Zeng

Published Jun 13, 2006• 2 citations
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Abstract

Polarizations of single-photon pulses have been controlled with long-term stability of more than 10 hours by using an active feedback technique for auto-compensation of unpredictable polarization scrambling in long-distance fiber. Experimental tests of long-term operations in 50, 75 and 100 km fibers demonstrated that such a single-photon polarization control supported stable polarization encoding in long-distance fibers to facilitate stable one-way fiber system for polarization-encoded quantum key distribution, providing quantum bit error rates below the absolute security threshold.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0606108

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Polarizations of single-photon pulses have been controlled with long-term stability of more than 10 hours by using an active feedback technique for auto-compensation of unpredictable polarization scrambling in long-distance fiber. Experimental tests of long-term operations in 50, 75 and 100 km fibers demonstrated that such a single-photon polarization control supported stable polarization encoding in long-distance fibers to facilitate stable one-way fiber system for polarization-encoded quantum key distribution, providing quantum bit error rates below the absolute security threshold.
Polarization-encoding provides a promising approach for the practical quantum key distribution (QKD) system due to the simple encoding and decoding method. Here we present a long-term stable polarization-encoding QKD with a real-time polarization control. The polarization of the signal photons in the optical fiber was maintained stable by using time-division-multiplexed reference pulses for feedback control. We implemented this technique in the QKD experiment in 50 km fiber to show that it could facilitate polarization-encoded quantum communication. The system operated stably for ∼460 min, and the quantum bit error rate was ∼5.27%. The raw key generating rate in this system was kept stable at ∼500 bits s -1 . The advantages and disadvantages of the previous polarization-control schemes were also rigorously analyzed.
A stable long-distance quantum key distribution system which has been just completed in our laboratory is demonstrated in this paper. The idea of “plug and pl ay" was adopted to automatically compensate the polarization mode dispersion and phase shift. A symmetrical capacitance-balance technique and magic-T network were used in the single-photon detection module, wherein a detection efficiency of more than 5% and a dark count probability of lower than 29×10-6/p ulse were achieved. As a result, we have realized stable (longer than 12 h) quantum k ey distribution experiment in 506 km single mode fiber with mean photon number of 007 and quantum bit error rate of 4%.
In quantum key distribution (QKD) systems using polarization entanglement, channel polarization perturbations significantly compromise both efficiency and security. To address the slow response and instability of current entanglement-based polarization compensation techniques for entanglement-based quantum key distribution, we propose a polarization compensation scheme based on an adaptive gradient descent algorithm. The system's performance is tested over a 10 km single-sided fiber channel. Results show that this scheme maintains long-term stability of the polarization state under both random and periodic perturbations. The average compensation time is 248 ms, with an entanglement source average visibility of 83.43% and an average quantum error rate of 8.28%. This method effectively mitigates polarization perturbation in entanglement-based quantum key distribution (QKD). These results are pivotal for the development of long-distance, multi-node quantum communication networks.