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Physical Review C

Fission rate and transient time with a quantum master equation

Vazgen Valerikovich Sargsyan, Yu. V. Palchikov, Z. Kanokov, G. G. Adamian, N. V. Antonenko

Published Dec 10, 2007• 26 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The induced nuclear fission is considered a transport process over the fission barrier underlying dissipative forces. Using a quantum master equation for the reduced density matrix, the influence of microscopical diffusion coefficients on the total fission time and transient time is studied. The influence of transient effects on the probability of the first-chance fission is estimated. For different temperatures and friction coefficients, the quasistationary fission rate is compared with the analytical Kramers formula.

DOI
10.1103/physrevc.76.064604

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On the basis of a master equation for the reduced density matrix of open quantum systems, we study the influence of time-dependent friction and diffusion coefficients on the decay rate from a potential well and the capture probability into a potential well. Taking into account the mixed diffusion coefficient Dqp, the quasistationary decay rates are compared with the analytically derived Kramers-type formulas for different temperatures and frictions. The diffusion coefficients supplying the purity of states are derived for a non-Markovian dynamics.
Quantum diffusion equations with transport coefficients explicitly depending on time are derived from the generalized non-Markovian Langevin equations. The asymptotic behavior of the friction and diffusion coefficients is investigated in the case of the FC and RWA couplings between the collective and internal subsystems. An asymptotic expression is obtained for the propagator of the density matrix of the open quantum system with the general quadratic Hamiltonian, linearly coupled (in coordinate and momentum) to internal degrees of freedom. The effect of different sets of transport coefficients on the decoherence and decay rate of the metastable state is investigated using the master equation for the reduced density matrix of open quantum systems. The developed approach is used to study the capture of the projectile nucleus by the target nucleus at energies near the Coulomb barrier. Capture cross sections in asymmetric reactions are well described with allowance for the calculated capture probabilities. Particular cases where dissipation favors penetration through the potential barrier are found. The generalized Kramers formula for the quasi-stationary decay rate of the quantum metastable systems is analytically derived.
Based on a simplified Hamiltonian model the transition from quantum to classical diffusion behaviours for a system has been shown by studying the dependence of the quantum Brownian motion in a harmonic oscillator potential on the viscosity and temperature of the system. The approximation of a locally harmonic oscillator and reduced density operator propagator in the harmonic oscillator are generalised to calculate the escape rate over the barrier for the system in a fission potential consisting of a ground-state well and barrier. Compared with the results of the Fokker-Planck equation the model in this paper is completely quantum mechanical.
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For Lindblad's master equation of open quantum systems with a general quadratic form of the Hamiltonian, the propagator of the density matrix is analytically calculated by using path integral techniques. The time-dependent density matrix is applied to nuclear barrier penetration in heavy ion collisions with inverted oscillator and double-well potentials. The quantum mechanical decoherence of pairs of phase space histories in the propagator is studied and shown that the decoherence depends crucially on the transport coefficients.