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Physics of Particles and Nuclei

Quantum statistical effects in nuclear reactions, fission, and open quantum systems

Vazgen Valerikovich Sargsyan, Z. Kanokov, G. G. Adamian, N. V. Antonenko

Published Mar 1, 2010• 49 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum diffusion equations with time-dependent transport coefficients are derived from generalized non-Markovian Langevin equations. Generalized fluctuation-dissipation relations and analytical formulas for calculating friction and diffusion coefficients in nuclear processes are obtained. The asymptotics of the transport coefficients and of the correlation functions are investigated. The problem of correlation decay in quantum dissipative systems is studied. A comparative analysis of diffusion coefficients for the harmonic and inverted oscillators is performed. The role of quantum statistical effects during passage through a parabolic potential barrier is investigated. Sets of diffusion coefficient assuring the purity of states at any time instant are found in cases of non-Markovian dynamics. The influence of different sets of transport coefficients on the rate of decay from a metastable state is studied in the framework of the master equation for reduced density matrices describing open quantum systems. The approach developed is applied to investigation of fission processes and the processes of projectile-nuclei capture by target nuclei for bombarding energies in the vicinity of the Coulomb barrier. The influence of dissipation and fluctuation on these processes is taken into account in a self-consistent way. The evaporation residue cross sections for asymmetric fusion reactions are calculated from the derived capture probabilities averaged over all orientations of the deformed projectile and target nuclei.

DOI
10.1134/s1063779610020012

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Quantum diffusion equations with time-dependent transport coefficients are derived from generalized non-Markovian Langevin equations. Generalized fluctuation-dissipation relations and analytical formulas for calculating friction and diffusion coefficients in nuclear processes are obtained. The asymptotics of the transport coefficients and of the correlation functions are investigated. The problem of correlation decay in quantum dissipative systems is studied. A comparative analysis of diffusion coefficients for the harmonic and inverted oscillators is performed. The role of quantum statistical effects during passage through a parabolic potential barrier is investigated. Sets of diffusion coefficient assuring the purity of states at any time instant are found in cases of non-Markovian dynamics. The influence of different sets of transport coefficients on the rate of decay from a metastable state is studied in the framework of the master equation for reduced density matrices describing open quantum systems. The approach developed is applied to investigation of fission processes and the processes of projectile-nuclei capture by target nuclei for bombarding energies in the vicinity of the Coulomb barrier. The influence of dissipation and fluctuation on these processes is taken into account in a self-consistent way. The evaporation residue cross sections for asymmetric fusion reactions are calculated from the derived capture probabilities averaged over all orientations of the deformed projectile and target nuclei.
Quantum diffusion equations with transport coefficients explicitly depending on time are derived from the generalized non-Markovian Langevin equations. The asymptotic behavior of the friction and diffusion coefficients is investigated in the case of the FC and RWA couplings between the collective and internal subsystems. An asymptotic expression is obtained for the propagator of the density matrix of the open quantum system with the general quadratic Hamiltonian, linearly coupled (in coordinate and momentum) to internal degrees of freedom. The effect of different sets of transport coefficients on the decoherence and decay rate of the metastable state is investigated using the master equation for the reduced density matrix of open quantum systems. The developed approach is used to study the capture of the projectile nucleus by the target nucleus at energies near the Coulomb barrier. Capture cross sections in asymmetric reactions are well described with allowance for the calculated capture probabilities. Particular cases where dissipation favors penetration through the potential barrier are found. The generalized Kramers formula for the quasi-stationary decay rate of the quantum metastable systems is analytically derived.
Quantum diffusion equations featuring explicitly time-dependent transport coefficients are derived from generalized non-Markovian Langevin equations. Generalized fluctuation-dissipation relations and analytic expressions for calculating the friction and diffusion coefficients in nuclear processes are obtained. The asymptotic behavior of the transport coefficients and correlation functions for a damped harmonic oscillator that is linearly coupled in momentum to a heat bath is studied. The coupling to a heat bath in momentum is responsible for the appearance of the diffusion coefficient in coordinate. The problem of regression of correlations in quantum dissipative systems is analyzed.
On the basis of a master equation for the reduced density matrix of open quantum systems, we study the influence of time-dependent friction and diffusion coefficients on the decay rate from a potential well and the capture probability into a potential well. Taking into account the mixed diffusion coefficient Dqp, the quasistationary decay rates are compared with the analytically derived Kramers-type formulas for different temperatures and frictions. The diffusion coefficients supplying the purity of states are derived for a non-Markovian dynamics.
The induced nuclear fission is considered a transport process over the fission barrier underlying dissipative forces. Using a quantum master equation for the reduced density matrix, the influence of microscopical diffusion coefficients on the total fission time and transient time is studied. The influence of transient effects on the probability of the first-chance fission is estimated. For different temperatures and friction coefficients, the quasistationary fission rate is compared with the analytical Kramers formula.
The elements of the quantum mechanical Markovian diffusion matrix leading to a Gibbs equilibrium state for a set of N coupled quantum harmonic oscillators are derived within Lindblad's axiomatic approach. Consequences of the fundamental constraints on the quantum friction coefficients are discussed. We derive the equations of motion for the expectation values and variances, and we solve them analytically. We apply our results to the description of the charge and mass asymmetry coordinates in heavy-ion collisions, and we investigate the effect of dissipation on tunneling in sub-barrier processes.
In nuclear fusion and fission, fluctuation and dissipation arise because of the coupling of collective degrees of freedom with internal excitations. Close to the barrier, quantum, statistical, and non-Markovian effects are expected to be important. In this work, a new approach based on quantum Monte Carlo addressing this problem is presented. The exact dynamics of a system coupled to an environment is replaced by a set of stochastic evolutions of the system density. The quantum Monte Carlo method is applied to systems with quadratic potentials. In all ranges of temperature and coupling, the stochastic method matches the exact evolution, showing that non-Markovian effects can be simulated accurately. A comparison with other theories, such as Nakajima-Zwanzig or time-convolutionless, shows that only the latter can be competitive if the expansion in terms of coupling constant is made at least to fourth order. A systematic study of the inverted parabola case is made at different temperatures and coupling constants. The asymptotic passing probability is estimated by different approaches including the Markovian limit. Large differences with an exact result are seen in the latter case or when only second order in the coupling strength is considered, as is generally assumed in nuclear transport models. In contrast, if fourth order in the coupling or quantum Monte Carlo method is used, a perfect agreement is obtained.