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Optics Letters

Conjugation fidelity and bistability in a high-efficiency mutually pumped phase conjugator with ring channels

Liangmin Zhang, Jingwen Zhang, Zongshu Shao, Xiaodong Mu, Huanchu Chen, Minhua Jiang

Published Jul 1, 1995• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We describe a high-efficiency mutually pumped phase conjugator with ring channels in a bird-wing incident geometry in copper-doped potassium sodium strontium barium niobate. A transmissivity as great as 35% is measured. Optical switching is obtained. The dependence of phase-conjugation fidelity on the geometric parameters and the input-beam ratio is discussed. Some suggestions are proposed to improve the fidelity further. The response times as a function of the input-beam ratio with the input beam kept constant are measured, and the least-squares minimum is used to simulate the fitting curve equations and to explain the formation of optical switching and the reduction or improvement of image fidelity.

DOI
10.1364/ol.20.001456

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We describe a high-efficiency mutually pumped phase conjugator with ring channels in a bird-wing incident geometry in copper-doped potassium sodium strontium barium niobate. A transmissivity as great as 35% is measured. Optical switching is obtained. The dependence of phase-conjugation fidelity on the geometric parameters and the input-beam ratio is discussed. Some suggestions are proposed to improve the fidelity further. The response times as a function of the input-beam ratio with the input beam kept constant are measured, and the least-squares minimum is used to simulate the fitting curve equations and to explain the formation of optical switching and the reduction or improvement of image fidelity.
The temporal behavior of the bidirectional phase-conjugate outputs from a coherently induced phase conjugator has been observed on a Cu-doped barium strontium potassium sodium niobate crystal. In our experiment, the phase-conjugate outputs of two incident beams vary smoothly with time if the beam ratio is large. When the beam ratio is reduced, however, each phase-conjugate output will experience a temporal fluctuation. The phase-conjugate output characteristic is found to be dependent on the beam ratio of the two input beams, their positions, their beam-path-length difference and sometimes the input order of the two beams. We present a model of multi-region-interaction to explain the operation of the device and the experimental results in this paper.
We have performed experimental studies designed to elucidate the parameters which limit the efficiency and fidelity of optical phase conjugate reflection of picosecond laser pulses in transparent Kerr media. The experimental data show that at low pulse energies, the reflectivity follows the expected square dependence on the pulse energies. However, it falls below the square at high energies even though, at these high energies, a phase conjugation efficiency of 300% was observed. We observed a rather strong dependence of the reflectivity on the ratio of pump to probe pulse energy. The quality of phase conjugation decreased at very high pump energies, but could under some conditions be improved by focusing the probe beam into the interaction region. Of the several mechanisms responsible for the decrease in efficiency and fidelity, we find that the predominant ones are pump depletion, small scale self-focusing, and dephasing owing to a difference in energy of the two pump pulses.
A passive phase conjugate mirror based on four-wave mixing in an optical ring cavity is described. Unlike previously demonstrated passive phase conjugate mirrors it generates only one of its pumping beams by nonlinear optical interactions, the other being provided by feedback of the probe after transmission through the nonlinear medium. The results of a theory yielding phase conjugate reflectivity and oscillation thresholds are presented together with an experimental demonstration of phase conjugation in barium titanate and strontium barium niobate. The device is self-starting by four-wave mixing, and has an oscillation threshold lower than that of other previously demonstrated passive phase conjugate mirrors with similar ease of alignment. The operation of a device which generates nonconjugate oscillation beams is also reported.
We report for the first time a double 45°-cut mutually pumped phase conjugate mirror, which has high phase conjugate reflectivities and is highly insensitive to the alignment of the two incident beams. For example, two mutually incoherent incident beams can produce their own phase conjugate outputs when the angle between the incident beams is varied from as much as 7° to 140° and over 60% conjugate reflectivity can be obtained. Furthermore, the phase conjugate outputs are stable because the competition from the self-pumped phase conjugation can be avoided easily.
We report our observations of optical bistabilities and hysteresis1 in photorefractive passive phase conjugate resonators with BaTiO3, caused by grating erasure effects between two resonators in three different configurations. Bistable oscillations have been observed between two semilinear oscillators, two ring resonators, and also between a ring and a semilinear resonator. In the experimental arrangement used for bistability studies, a single-mode argon ion laser beam (4880 Å) entered the crystal in a face appropriate for self-pumped phase conjugation. However, the orientation is kept in such a way that no self-pumped phase conjugation is observable if none of the resonators is in operation. In this geometry, bistability and hysteresis were observed in the signal intensity of one resonator as the reflectivity of the variable beam reflector in the second resonator was increased and then decreased in a cycle. Bistability was also seen in the signal intensity of a single resonator as a function of the reflectivity of the external mirror.