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Journal of Applied Physics

A high efficiency double 45°-cut mutually pumped phase conjugate mirror

Zhiguo Zhang, Yong Zhu, Changxi Yang, Panming Fu

Published Aug 1, 1993• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report for the first time a double 45°-cut mutually pumped phase conjugate mirror, which has high phase conjugate reflectivities and is highly insensitive to the alignment of the two incident beams. For example, two mutually incoherent incident beams can produce their own phase conjugate outputs when the angle between the incident beams is varied from as much as 7° to 140° and over 60% conjugate reflectivity can be obtained. Furthermore, the phase conjugate outputs are stable because the competition from the self-pumped phase conjugation can be avoided easily.

DOI
10.1063/1.354742

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Annual Meeting Optical Society of America•Jan 1, 1990•0 citations
We report for the first time a double 45°-cut mutually pumped phase conjugate mirror, which has high phase conjugate reflectivities and is highly insensitive to the alignment of the two incident beams. For example, two mutually incoherent incident beams can produce their own phase conjugate outputs when the angle between the incident beams is varied from as much as 7° to 140° and over 60% conjugate reflectivity can be obtained. Furthermore, the phase conjugate outputs are stable because the competition from the self-pumped phase conjugation can be avoided easily.
We present theoretical and experimental studies of mutually pumped phase conjugation when a seed beam is injected that is the conjugate of one of the pumping beams. Good agreement exists between the theoretical and the experimental functional dependencies of the conjugate reflectivities on seed-beam intensity. However, the calculated gain is lower than that measured by two-beam coupling by nearly a factor of 2. We found that the seed-to-pump intensity ratio needs to exceed approximately 10−6, greater than 100 times the scattering, before the phase of the grating in the mutually pumped phase conjugator will follow the phase of the seed beam when it is varied by a moving mirror.
An experimental study of double-pumped phase conjugation (DPPC) in a gain medium (Nd:YAG) is presented. The input–output energy and phase conjugate reflectivity of the system was experimentally characterized, with a maximum reflectivity of R∼160 observed. A self-starting DPPC laser was also produced by use of a feedback mirror, and spatial and temporal outputs are presented. The DPPC laser produced a TEM00 spatial mode output of 113 mJ in a 20-ns single-longitudinal mode pulse at a repetition rate of 10 Hz.
Mutually pumped phase conjugation, a process by which two incident laser beams can mutually pump each other to generate the phase-conjugate replica of the other beam, is studied in a transparent Kerr medium with an electrostrictive nonlinearity. The nonlinear medium acts as a phase-conjugating mirror to both of the incident beams and generates their Stokes-shifted phase-conjugated outputs by the nearly degenerate four-wave mixing process. Our results show that this process will occur only if the coupling strength, defined by the product of the Kerr amplitude gain coefficient, the total input intensity, and the interaction length, is above the threshold value of 2. If the intensity of one of the input beams exceeds the threshold value and the second input beam is weaker than the first, then the weak beam is phase conjugated with a large reflectivity that has a maximum value of the intensity ratio of the strong to the weak input beam. For negligible absorption in the medium, a complete transfer of energy of both the incident beams into the phase-conjugate beams can occur for finite interaction lengths that are only slightly larger than the threshold value. Seeding the oscillation beams tends to lower the phase-conjugate power reflectivities, probably because of increased contribution from the competing two-wave mixing process.
Photorefractive self-pumped phase conjugation is attractive for its simplicity and high reflectivity with low-power light sources. In order to realize its potential applications, it is important to study its response. So far the response of a phase-conjugate wave has been described with its rise time. It has not studied how the phase-conjugate wave responds when the spatial structure of an input probe wave is changed dynamically. We investigated the response of the phase conjugate wave by using two mutually coherent input beams, which can be regarded as components of a probe wave, and by introducing sinusoidal phase changes into one of them with varied frequencies. Each input beam has a power of 6 mW at the wavelength of 515 nm. A BaTiO3 crystal was employed as a self-pumped phase-conjugate mirror.1 By measuring relative phase between the two output beams, which can be regarded as components of a phase-conjugate wave, we found the response characteristic represented by a time-lag of first order, which is similar to RC circuit. The response time thus determined was 0.32 s, which was much shorter than the rise time of 30 s obtained with the same condition.