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Chinese Physics Letters

Transient Emission of Three-Level Atoms in a Photonic Crystal with a Pseudogap

Xu Xing-Sheng, Chen Hong-Da

Published Jun 28, 2006• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study the transient behaviour of an external field induced transient emission of three-level atomic systems embedded in a photonic crystal with a pseudogap. The expressions for fluorescence spectra and emission dynamics for luminescent materials in the pseudogap are obtained. The properties of the transient gain in the pseudogap are discussed. It shows that the transient emission in the pseudogap can be effectively controlled.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/23/7/045

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We study the transient behaviour of an external field induced transient emission of three-level atomic systems embedded in a photonic crystal with a pseudogap. The expressions for fluorescence spectra and emission dynamics for luminescent materials in the pseudogap are obtained. The properties of the transient gain in the pseudogap are discussed. It shows that the transient emission in the pseudogap can be effectively controlled.
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We study the steady-state behaviour of spontaneous emission of a driven four-level atom embedded in photonic crystals. Considering different initial conditions, we discuss the influence of photonic band gap and detuning of external driving field on the atomic spontaneous emission spectrum. The photonic band gap and external driving field will impact strongly on the atomic spontaneous emission properties. Some interesting phenomena were found such as laser-induced dark line, laser-induced spectral-line narrowing and laser-induced pushing of a dressed state out of the band gap, which can be attributed to the quantum interference effect and control of the external driving field.
Using the response formula of photonic crystals and Bloch equations, we analyzed the coherent emission in a two-level atom embedded in an arbitrary photonic crystal. We derived a formula for the transient emission expressed by the photon density of states (DOS), the Rabi frequency, and the background decay. Near the band edge, when the ratio of the Rabi frequency to the decay rate is a proper value, a transient gain occurs and the sharp structures of the DOS near the band edge lead to a drastic enhancement of the emission and the oscillation of the emission.
The dynamical properties and spectrum characteristics of a Λ-type atom with an external field embedded in three-dimensional photonic crystals are investigated . With the help of numerical calculation and theoretical analysis, we find that the populations of the upper and lower levels display quasi-oscillation, and the frequency and amplitude of the oscillation is greatly affected by the intensity of the external-driving field Ω, the detuning δ and the background decay of the upper level γ. Ｓpontaneous emission of the atom is apparently influenced by the relative position of the upper level from the forbidden gap. Furthermore, the properties of the emission field around the atom are analyzed by means of s pontaneous emission spectrum.
It is shown that there exist a conservation rule of the number of states in a photonic crystal with pseudogaps in the whole frequency regime, and a local conservation rule of the number of states in a photonic crystal with completely photonic band gaps in every band regime. These conservation rules state that, relative to the photonic density of states (DOS) in the effective medium of a photonic crystal, if a valley of the DOS in the photonic crystal appears in some range of frequencies, it must be compensated for by the increases over some other ranges. In this paper, using a model DOS with a state-conservative photonic pseudogap, we obtain naturally the enhancement and suppression of spontaneous emission of a two-level atom in a photonic crystal, and a DOS-induced suppression, enhancement, narrowing and redshift or blueshift of spontaneous emission spectra. Our theory will be especially appropriate in the problem of the spontaneous emission of a collection of dependently emitting atoms or molecules with essentially random dipole orientations in a photonic crystal with a photonic pseudogap.