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Physical Review A

Well-dressed states for wave-packet dynamics in cavity QED

David W. Vernooy, Harry J. Kimble

Published Nov 1, 1997• 39 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The quantization of atomic center-of-mass motion is considered within the context of cavity QED with particular emphasis on the dynamics of localized wave packets. ``Well-dressed'' states are introduced as an eigenbasis that incorporates both the quantized atom-field interaction and the external bound states of a potential well. The interplay of internal and external time scales generates qualitatively new dynamics such as novel ``collapses'' and ``revivals.''

DOI
10.1103/physreva.56.4287

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The quantization of atomic center-of-mass motion is considered within the context of cavity QED with particular emphasis on the dynamics of localized wave packets. Well-dressed'' states are introduced as an eigenbasis that incorporates both the quantized atom-field interaction and the external bound states of a potential well. The interplay of internal and external time scales generates qualitatively new dynamics such as novel collapses'' and ``revivals.''
We present an in-depth study on the behavior of an atomic wave packet which is placed in a standing wave cavity prepared in various states of light. We extract a simple classical oscillator model out of the dynamics of the quantum system. We quantitatively resolve the states of the spatially reorganized wave packet by the dressed state spatial probability distribution functions we developed. We also report a novel type of the “quantum collapse and revival” behavior of the Rabi nutation which is originated from the effect of the quantized atomic center-of-mass motion on the atomic internal motion.
In this work, we will look at the dynamics of a two-level atom in a damped, driven optical cavity in which atomic center-of-mass motion (CMM) is quantized.Of particular interest is the addition of an external potential (not related to the cavity field) in the cavity that effects the atom.Specifically, we are introducing to the system Hamiltonian a harmonic potential that effectively represents the presence of an optical lattice within the cavity.Thus, we are interested in the interplay of cold atoms and cavity QED.The form of our investigation of the system's dynamics will be in the study of the photon statistics and field-intensity correlation of the transmitted and fluoresced fields.
We investigate the coherent wave packet dynamics of a two-level atom trapped in a symmetric double-well potential in a near-resonance cavity. Prepared on one side of the double-well potential, the atom wave packet oscillates between the left and right wells, while recoil induced by the emitted photon from the atom entangles the atomic internal and external degrees of freedom. The collapse and revival of the tunneling occurs. Adjusting the width of the wave packets, one can modify the tunneling frequency and suppress the tunneling.
Summary form only given. A new regime in cavity QED is realized in which single atoms interact with the cavity field for very long times (i.e., many Rabi cycles) and in which the atomic kinetic energy is comparable to or smaller than the dipole coupling energy. The mechanical effects of just a few-photon light field should therefore enable single atoms to be trapped in effective potential wells. We consider such a situation in the far detuned dispersive regime of cavity QED, where a single atom is confined in the lower (quantized) bound states of the effective optical potential formed around an antinode of the standing wave cavity field.
Strong coupling of the internal and external degrees of freedom of a cold atom to each other and to the spatially periodic field of the standing light wave in a high-finesse cavity is responsible for the dynamic instability of the atomic center-of-mass motion. Due to a weak interaction of the internal nonlinear resonances in the standard model of cavity QED, a stochastic layer appears, whose width in the semiclassical approximation is estimated in terms of the main parameters of the system: atomic recoil frequency, mean number of excitations, and detuning from the resonance. As a result, the atomic motion in the absolutely regular potential has the fractal character, with long Lévy flights alternating with small chaotic oscillations in potential wells.