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Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General

On three-body scattering cross sections

Werner O. Amrein, KB Sinha

Published May 1, 1982• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Using a Hilbert space version of the Faddeev method. The authors prove finiteness and continuity as a function of the energy of the total scattering cross section for three quantum mechanical particles with two-body initial states. It is assumed that the pair potentials are locally in L q (R 3 ) for some q> 3 / 2 and decay as mod x mod -2- delta at infinity.

DOI
10.1088/0305-4470/15/5/018

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Scattering theory is extended to the description of processes during collision. Indeed, for large wave packets we may consider situations where time t, while large with respect to characteristic frequencies, is still smaller than the duration of the collision ${\mathit{t}}_{\mathit{c}}$. This leads to an asymptotic theory which is different from the usual S-matrix approach. There appear intermediate states with scattering cross sections which result from secular effects for t${\mathit{t}}_{\mathit{c}}$, but differ from the values obtained for t\ensuremath{\gtrsim}${\mathit{t}}_{\mathit{c}}$ in the S-matrix theory. The consideration of such intermediate time scales is the normal procedure in many-body situations as realized, for example, in chemical reactions. Our method is closely connected to our work on the extension of quantum theory beyond the Hilbert space for large Poincar\'e systems. This theory applies to persistent scattering using delocalized density matrices (an example is plane waves). For this case, the S-matrix theory is not valid, while the results of our asymptotic approach remain valid for all times. Our theoretical predictions have been validated by numerical simulations. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.

Physical Review A•Jun 1, 1996•7 citations
Using a Hilbert space version of the Faddeev method. The authors prove finiteness and continuity as a function of the energy of the total scattering cross section for three quantum mechanical particles with two-body initial states. It is assumed that the pair potentials are locally in L q (R 3 ) for some q> 3 / 2 and decay as mod x mod -2- delta at infinity.
The asymptotics of total scattering cross sections for a three-body quantum system with two heavy particles are studied when the masses tend to infinity. It is assumed that the initial channel is a two-cluster channel such that a light particle and a heavy one form a bound state and the relative velocity of another heavy particle to the pair is fixed. It is shown that the limits exist and they can be expressed in terms of transition probabilities which appear in the scattering theory for the charge transfer models.
We derive some new equations for the wavefunction for the three-body scattering problem using the ``partial-wavefunction approach.'' All scattering processes are solutions of inhomogeneous coupled integral equations for the scattered parts of the total wavefunction. We show how the Pauli principle is incorporated when some or all of the particles are identical. This leads to a reduction in the number of independent scattered partial wavefunctions when some of the particles are identical. The kernels in the integral equations contain no δ functions but each scattered partial wavefunction does have a self-coupling term. We apply the method to the scattering of three identical bosons interacting through zero-range pair potentials. The method gives the same equation for this problem as obtained by the Faddeev T-matrix approach.
We consider the quantum scattering problem of three one-dimensional particles with repulsive shortrange pair potentials. For clarity, we restrict ourself by the case of finite pair potentials. The absence of singular continuous spectrum of the corresponding Schröedinger operator for a broad class of pair potentials was proved earlier in a known work of E. Mourre. Nevertheless, the Mourre techniques do not allow description of the asymptotics of absolutely continuous spectrum eigenfunctions. In this work, regardless of Mourre results, we prove the existence of the resolvent limit values on absolutely continuous spectrum and construct them explicitly. It allows us, following the known procedure, to derive the absolutely continuous spectrum eigen-functions asymptotics, suggested earlier in works of V. S. Buslaev and his co-authors. Our approach, close to the foundational work of L. D. Faddeev devoted to three-dimensional particles, specifically uses the ideas of Schwarz alternating method.
We consider a Hamiltonian describing three quantum particles in dimension one interacting through two-body short-range potentials. We prove that, as a suitable scale parameter in the potential terms goes to zero, such a Hamiltonian converges to one with zero-range (also called delta or point) interactions. The convergence is understood in the norm resolvent sense. The two-body rescaled potentials are of the form vσε(xσ)=ε−1vσ(ε−1xσ), where σ = 23, 12, 31 is an index that runs over all the possible pairings of the three particles, xσ is the relative coordinate between two particles, and ε is the scale parameter. The limiting Hamiltonian is the one formally obtained by replacing the potentials vσ with ασδσ, where δσ is the Dirac delta-distribution centered on the coincidence hyperplane xσ = 0 and ασ=∫Rvσdxσ. To prove the convergence of the resolvents, we make use of Faddeev’s equations.
The present paper is devoted to the study of the few–body quantum mechanical problem with singular finite rank cluster interactions. The corresponding Hamiltonians play an important role in mathematical physics, since few body Hamiltonians with more regular interactions present considerable difficulties which make impossible a detailed analytic study [ 13 ]. Also a numerical study of such Hamiltonians using Faddeev equations present very hard problems, since the interaction between the particles does not vanish at large distances. On the other hand few-body problems with singular cluster interaction are useful and intensively studied in statistical physics, since the corresponding Hamiltonians can be analyzed in detail even if the number of particles is very large. Models describing one dimensional particles are of particular interest, since the eigenfunctions of the many body Hamiltonians can often be calculated using Bethe Ansatz [ 14 ]. In fact the well-known Yang-Baxter equation was first written in connection with the study of system of several one-dimensional particles with pairwise delta interactions. Similar methods were used in atomic physics to study collisions of several particles [ 12 ] (in three dimensions). Few-body systems in applications are usually investigated by combining the classical description of the dynamics of heavy atoms with the quantum description of the dynamics of electrons and other light particles. The first attempt to construct a three body Hamiltonian describing three quantum particles in R 3 interacting through pairwise delta functional potentials is due to G.V. Skorniakov and K.A.Ter-Martirosian [ 29 ]. R.A.Minlos and L.D.Faddeev proved that the corresponding Hamiltonian is not bounded from below and therefore cannot be used in 278 the originally intended physical applications [ 24 , 25 ]. The operator was defined using the method of self–adjoint perturbations used by F.A.Berezin and L.D.Faddeev for investigating Schödinger operators with delta potential in R 3 [ 10 ]. Almost three decades later semibounded three-body operators in dimension three with generalized two-body interactions were constructed by extending the standard Hilbert space of square integrable functions in R 9 [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 27 , 30 ]. The most interesting model considered used the theory of generalized extensions suggested by B.Pavlov [ 7 , 26 ]. Different aspects of these models were analyzed recently [ 8 , 23 , 20 ]. A general approach to these operators is described in [ 7 , 22 ]. Let us mention that a realization of a many-body lower bounded Hamiltonian with point interactions for particles in R 3 has been obtained in the original Hilbert space by using the theory of Dirichlet forms [ 2 ]. The few-body systems of two dimensional particles with two-body interactions was studied in [ 11 ], where it was proven that the corresponding Hamiltonian is semibounded.
Scattering theory is extended to the description of processes during collision. Indeed, for large wave packets we may consider situations where time t, while large with respect to characteristic frequencies, is still smaller than the duration of the collision tc{\mathit{t}}_{\mathit{c}}tc​. This leads to an asymptotic theory which is different from the usual S-matrix approach. There appear intermediate states with scattering cross sections which result from secular effects for ttc{\mathit{t}}_{\mathit{c}}tc​, but differ from the values obtained for t\ensuremath{\gtrsim}tc{\mathit{t}}_{\mathit{c}}tc​ in the S-matrix theory. The consideration of such intermediate time scales is the normal procedure in many-body situations as realized, for example, in chemical reactions. Our method is closely connected to our work on the extension of quantum theory beyond the Hilbert space for large Poincar\'e systems. This theory applies to persistent scattering using delocalized density matrices (an example is plane waves). For this case, the S-matrix theory is not valid, while the results of our asymptotic approach remain valid for all times. Our theoretical predictions have been validated by numerical simulations. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.