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Optics Letters

Low-noise optoelectronic photon number amplifier and quantum-optical tap

E. Goobar, Anders Karlsson, Gunnar G. Bjork, Olle Nilsson

Published Dec 15, 1993• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The properties of a photon number amplifier and quantum-optical tap have been experimentally investigated. The device consists of a high-quantum-efficiency photodetector that drives eight series-coupled light emitters. The light from the series-coupled emitters is detected by parallel coupled photodetectors, which drive a new light emitter. It is shown that the light reaching the first photodetector can be measured, amplified by the series-coupled emitters, and regenerated by means of the last emitter without the introduction of significant noise. Hence the input light can be quantum correlated with the amplified photocurrent as well as with the output light.

DOI
10.1364/ol.18.002138

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The properties of a photon number amplifier and quantum-optical tap have been experimentally investigated. The device consists of a high-quantum-efficiency photodetector that drives eight series-coupled light emitters. The light from the series-coupled emitters is detected by parallel coupled photodetectors, which drive a new light emitter. It is shown that the light reaching the first photodetector can be measured, amplified by the series-coupled emitters, and regenerated by means of the last emitter without the introduction of significant noise. Hence the input light can be quantum correlated with the amplified photocurrent as well as with the output light.
Two configurations involving high quantum efficiency photodetectors and light emitting diodes have been investigated. A light beam was detected with a photodetector and its photocurrent was used to measure the incoming beam. Simultaneously, the photocurrent was used, with and without amplification, to regenerate the absorbed beam. With these schemes photon number amplification, duplication, and information tapping without introducing any significant noise to the downstream propagating beam could be experimentally realized.
We experimentally demonstrate an improvement of 0.7±0.10.7\pm 0.10.7±0.1 dB in the noise figure in a low noise fiber-optical parametric amplifier (FOPA) with the injection of correlated quantum fields generated from spontaneous four-wave mixing in fibers. The noise performance of the amplifier is characterized with homodyne detectors. The experimental result shows that the noise levels in the two output ports (signal and idler) of the amplifier are both 1.0±0.11.0\pm 0.11.0±0.1 dB lower than a regular FOPA with vacuum at the unused input port. In addition, we demonstrate the scheme can be used as a quantum information tap with a combined information transfer efficiency (signal and tap) as Tsig+Ttap=1.47±0.2T_{sig}+T_{tap} =1.47\pm 0.2Tsig​+Ttap​=1.47±0.2, which is larger than the classical limit of 1. This low noise FOPA can be applied to the low noise amplification in the measurement of weak signals.
One of the important functions in a communication network is the distribution of information. It is not a problem to accomplish this in a classical system since classical information can be copied at will. However, challenges arise in quantum system because extra quantum noise is often added when the information content of a quantum state is distributed to various users. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a quantum information tap by using a fiber optical parametric amplifier (FOPA) with correlated inputs, whose noise is reduced by the destructive quantum interference through quantum entanglement between the signal and the idler input fields. By measuring the noise figure of the FOPA and comparing with a regular FOPA, we observe an improvement of 0.7 ± 0.1 dB and 0.84 ± 0.09 dB from the signal and idler outputs, respectively. When the low noise FOPA functions as an information splitter, the device has a total information transfer coefficient of Ts+Ti = 1.5 ± 0.2, which is greater than the classical limit of 1. Moreover, this fiber based device works at the 1550 nm telecom band, so it is compatible with the current fiber-optical network for quantum information distribution.