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Physical Review Letters

Experimental realization of a semiconductor photon number amplifier and a quantum optical tap

E. Goobar, Anders Karlsson, Gunnar G. Bjork

Published Sep 27, 1993• 52 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Two configurations involving high quantum efficiency photodetectors and light emitting diodes have been investigated. A light beam was detected with a photodetector and its photocurrent was used to measure the incoming beam. Simultaneously, the photocurrent was used, with and without amplification, to regenerate the absorbed beam. With these schemes photon number amplification, duplication, and information tapping without introducing any significant noise to the downstream propagating beam could be experimentally realized.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.71.2002

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Two configurations involving high quantum efficiency photodetectors and light emitting diodes have been investigated. A light beam was detected with a photodetector and its photocurrent was used to measure the incoming beam. Simultaneously, the photocurrent was used, with and without amplification, to regenerate the absorbed beam. With these schemes photon number amplification, duplication, and information tapping without introducing any significant noise to the downstream propagating beam could be experimentally realized.
The properties of a photon number amplifier and quantum-optical tap have been experimentally investigated. The device consists of a high-quantum-efficiency photodetector that drives eight series-coupled light emitters. The light from the series-coupled emitters is detected by parallel coupled photodetectors, which drive a new light emitter. It is shown that the light reaching the first photodetector can be measured, amplified by the series-coupled emitters, and regenerated by means of the last emitter without the introduction of significant noise. Hence the input light can be quantum correlated with the amplified photocurrent as well as with the output light.
We demonstrate experimentally two devices that can manipulate an information‐carrying light beam below the usual shot‐noise limit. The first one is a type II pulsed optical parametric amplifier, which can duplicate (or, clone) the signal it amplifies. The second one uses semiconductor emitters and receivers, and is able to ‘‘re‐create’’ a light beam after direct detection. Although both devices are amplifiers with large gain, they meet the quantitative criteria for Quantum Non‐Demolition measurements and, thus, operate in the non‐classical regime. They can be used as noiseless amplifying optical taps which, at the same time, can overcome the noise introduced by downstream propagation and detection losses.
We have realized a system which is able to read out information encoded on the amplitude of a laser beam without degrading the signal-to-noise ratio of the carrier. This has been implemented using the two-photon cross-phase-modulation effect of a three-level system in a sodium atomic beam located in a doubly resonant optical cavity. We have achieved an improvement by a factor of 1.35 of the overall information transer compared to any classical optical tap, where a perfect quantum duplicator would reach the ideal value of 2.