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Europhysics Letters (EPL)

Ultrasound-induced echoes in the nuclear-exciton decay utilising synchrotron radiation Bragg-scattered by a quartz crystal

H. Jex, A Ludwig, F. J Hartmann, Erich Gerdau, O. Leupold

Published Nov 1, 1997• 14 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The time evolution of the coherent decay of the nuclear exciton induced by 14.4 keV synchrotron radiation was observed with a system of two stainless-steel resonance absorbers. In between these foils, the radiation was Bragg-scattered from a vibrating quartz crystal. The ultrasound-modulated radiation disrupts the coherent superposition of the radiation from both targets. However, at times corresponding to multiples of the ultrasound period, spikes or dips in the decay were observed which are interpreted as ultrasound-induced echoes.

DOI
10.1209/epl/i1997-00465-1

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The time evolution of the coherent decay of the nuclear exciton induced by 14.4 keV synchrotron radiation was observed with a system of two stainless-steel resonance absorbers. In between these foils, the radiation was Bragg-scattered from a vibrating quartz crystal. The ultrasound-modulated radiation disrupts the coherent superposition of the radiation from both targets. However, at times corresponding to multiples of the ultrasound period, spikes or dips in the decay were observed which are interpreted as ultrasound-induced echoes.
The nuclear forward scattering of synchrotron radiation (SR) of two spatially separated stainless-steel foils has been investigated. Immediately after the SR pulse a nuclear exciton extending over both targets is formed, which then decays under the influence of radiative coupling of the nuclear oscillators both within and between the targets. Cooling one target to low temperatures causes the M\"ossbauer linewidth to increase by inhomogeneous broadening, which leads to a rapid dephasing of the nuclear oscillators of this system. In general, the influence of the radiation field of the upstream oscillators on the oscillators of the downstream target causes the latter to radiate at a high decay rate (steep slope) at early times. Surprisingly, for the combined targets, the initial decay can be less steep than that of the inhomogeneously broadened sample alone if this broadening is sufficiently large. In addition, when the upstream oscillators are broadened in energy they may cause the downstream oscillators to emit only very little intensity at late times. In the experiments, this influence on the downstream sample was changed by varying the inhomogeneous resonance broadening and the resonance frequencies of the targets. Drastic changes of the time evolution of the nuclear forward scattering were observed, which are discussed within the dynamical theory.
Synchrotron pulses will excite low lying nuclear levels, and in crystals, will create nuclear exciton states which are spatially coherent superpositions of the various excited state hyperfine levels of all the nuclei in the crystal. The subsequent radiative decay is radically affected by coherence, exhibiting both a speed-up due to "coherent enhancement", and a quantum beat modulation of the decay rate which gives a periodic speed-up/slow-down of the rate for photon decay into the coherent channels. For a nuclear exciton in an antiferromagnet, the quantum beat modulation will result in an interesting "temporal pendulösung" effect.
Pulse propagation through a two-resonance medium was investigated in nuclear forward scattering (NFS) of synchrotron radiation (SR). The SR pulse was coherently transmitted through a target system exhibiting two equivalent resonances, the energy separation of which was varied via the Doppler effect. This allowed a continuous change from a single-resonance medium to a two-resonance system with adjustable splitting. For increasing splitting, the observed time evolutions of NFS changed from a dynamical beat (DB) via hybrid forms of beating into a DB-modulated quantum beat. The experimental results were consistently fitted using a dynamical theory for NFS of SR.
Abstract The induced transparency of opaque medium for resonant electromagnetic radiation is a powerful tool for manipulating the field-matter interaction. Various techniques to make different physical systems transparent for radiation from microwaves to x-rays were implemented. Most of them are based on the modification of the quantum-optical properties of the medium under the action of an external coherent electromagnetic field. Recently, an observation of acoustically induced transparency (AIT) of the 57Fe absorber for resonant 14.4-keV photons from the radioactive 57Co source was reported. About 150-fold suppression of the resonant absorption of photons due to collective acoustic oscillations of the nuclei was demonstrated. In this paper, we extend the AIT phenomenon to a novel phase-locked regime, when the transmitted photons are synchronized with the absorber vibration. We show that the advantages of synchrotron Mössbauer sources such as the deterministic periodic emission of radiation and controlled spectral-temporal characteristics of the emitted photons along with high-intensity photon flux in a tightly focused beam, make it possible to efficiently implement this regime, paving the way for the development of the acoustically controlled interface between hard x-ray photons and nuclear ensembles.
Abstract Recently, an observation of acoustically induced transparency (AIT) of a stainless-steel foil for resonant 14.4-keV photons from a radioactive 57Co Mössbauer source due to collective uniform oscillations of atomic nuclei was reported [Phys Rev Lett 124,163602, 2020]. In this paper, we propose to use the steep resonant dispersion of the absorber within the AIT spectral window to dramatically reduce a propagation velocity of γ-ray and x-ray photons. In particular, we show that a significant fraction (more than 40%) of a 97-ns γ-ray single-photon wave packet from a 57Co radioactive source can be slowed down up to 3 m/s and delayed by 144 ns in a 57Fe-enriched stainless-steel foil at room temperature. We also show that a similarly significant slowing down up to 24 m/s and a delay by 42 ns can be achieved for more than 70% of the 100-ns 14.4-keV x-ray single-photon pulse from a synchrotron Mössbauer source available at European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) and Spring-8 facility. The propagation velocity can be widely controlled by changing the absorber vibration frequency. Achieving the propagation velocity on the order of 1–50 m/s would set a record in the hard x-ray range, comparable to what was obtained in the optical range.