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Optics and Spectroscopy

Bistable vertical cavity laser with periodic pump modulation as a random bits generator

Viacheslav N. Chizhevsky

Published Mar 1, 2010• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

It is experimentally demonstrated that the semiconductor vertical cavity laser with the pump current modulation, operating in the regime of polarization bistability, can be an effective source of true random bits with the rate of generation up to several Mbps, which is determined by the modulation frequency. The generated sequences are characterized by the low bias and low correlations between generated bits.

DOI
10.1134/s0030400x10030057

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It is experimentally demonstrated that the semiconductor vertical cavity laser with the pump current modulation, operating in the regime of polarization bistability, can be an effective source of true random bits with the rate of generation up to several Mbps, which is determined by the modulation frequency. The generated sequences are characterized by the low bias and low correlations between generated bits.
It is experimentally demonstrated that intensity fluctuations on a selected polarization in a semi-conductor vertical-cavity laser are an effective source of entropy for fast generation of random bits. The effective generation rate is shown to be from 100 Mbps to 4.5 Gbps at the discretization frequency of 100 MHz, depending on how the random bits are extracted from the polarization noise. The generated sequences of random bits are characterized by low bias and absence of correlation between bits and successfully pass main statistical randomness tests.
An effective and robust method for generating random bits from random time intervals between quantum jumps of optical field is proposed and experimentally tested with spontaneous switchings in a bistable vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser. This algorithm allows one to avoid the problem of biasing in the output bit stream as well as to obtain low correlation between generated bits. A comprehensive comparative statistical analysis of different methods of extraction of random bits from experimentally measured time intervals between spontaneous polarization switchings in a bistable vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser shows the advantage of the proposed method.
Random numbers are essential in a great variety of applications ranging from stochastic simulations to secure communications. In this thesis, we report a technique for quantum random number generation based on the dynamics of light polarization in a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). We show that two linearly polarized modes with slightly different wavelengths and gains appear within the cavity of the VCSEL laser. Due to spontaneous emission noise, VCSELs undergo random polarization switching at certain bias currents. We experimentally analyze the probability of appearance of each mode as a function of the biasing conditions. By periodically modulating a VCSEL at the polarization switching region defined under continuous-wave operation, random digits can be generated directly from the output of the pulsed VCSEL at a much higher bit rate. The results presented in this research demonstrate the feasibility of generating random numbers at rates up to 100 Mbit/s using a commercial VCSEL.
We have experimentally demonstrated that the random excitation of the linear orthogonal polarization modes of a gain-switched vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) can be used for quantum random number generation. Our VCSEL presents polarization switching under continuous wave operation. Adjusting the modulation conditions and sampling times, both polarization modes of the VCSEL can be excited with equal probability. Random bits are obtained comparing the two orthogonal polarized signals at a sampling time. The random bits obtained pass some of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) statistical tests.