Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Physical Review A

Observation of the dynamic Stark effect on electromagnetically induced transparency

Changjiang Wei, Neil B. Manson

Published Sep 1, 1999• 84 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Using electron-spin-resonance transitions within the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond, we have obtained a sharp electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) feature when the coupling and probing fields satisfy a two-photon resonance condition. In this paper it is shown that by the application of an additional driving field the sharp EIT feature can be split into a doublet or a triplet depending on the experimental configuration. The results are interpreted in terms of dynamic Stark splitting of the EIT feature, and the spectra are shown to be related to Autler-Townes and Mollow spectra.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.60.2540

Related papers

Observation of electromagnetically induced transparency within an electron spin resonance transition

Changjiang Wei, Neil B. Manson

A sharp transparency feature is induced in an allowed electron spin resonance (ESR) transition by driving a nominally spin-forbidden transition. The width of the feature is narrower than the homogeneous linewidth of the ESR transition and is interpreted as being associated with electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Measurements are made for the nitrogen-vacancy centre in diamond and the signals are detected using a coherent optical technique.

Journal of Optics B Quantum and Semiclassical Optics•Aug 1, 1999•45 citations

Autler-Townes effect in a strongly driven electromagnetically induced transparency resonance

Lijun Yang, Lianshui Zhang, Xiaoli Li +5 more

In this paper we study the nonlinear behavior of an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonance subject to a coherent driving field. The EIT is associated with a $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ three-level system where two hyperfine levels within an electronic ground state are coupled to a common excited state level by a coupling field and a probe field. In addition there is an radio-frequency (rf) field driving a hyperfine transition within the ground state. The paper contrasts two different situations. In one case the rf-driven transition shares a common level with the probed transition and in the second case it shares a common level with the coupled transition. In both cases the EIT resonance is split into a doublet and the characteristics of the EIT doublet are determined by the strength and frequency of the rf-driving field. The doublet splitting originates from the rf-field induced dynamic Stark effect and has close analogy with the Autler-Townes effect observed in three-level pump-probe spectroscopy study. The situation changes when the rf field is strong and the two cases are very different. One is analogous to two $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ three-level systems with EIT resonance associated with each. The other corresponds to a doubly driven three-level system with rf-field-induced electromagnetically induced absorption resonance. The two situations are modeled using numerical solutions of the relevant equation of motion of density matrix. In addition a physical account of their behaviors is given in terms of a dressed state picture.

Physical Review A•Nov 1, 2005•55 citations

Observation of Autler-Townes Effect in Electromagnetically Induced Transparency

Du Zhi-Jing, Shougang Zhang, Wu Chang-Jiang +3 more

We report an experimental observation of Autler-Townes doublet splitting in electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonance. The splitting is introduced by a coherent microwave field, which perturbs a three-level A-type EIT system through an auxiliary level. The doublet splitting of EIT resonance is demonstrated in two cases, where the microwave field shares a common lower level with coupled or probe transition, respectively. The dependence of doublet splitting on microwave field intensity and detuning is measured. This may provide a feasible way of manipulating the atomic states with both laser and microwave field.

Chinese Physics Letters•Oct 1, 2010•8 citations

Multi-window frequency-tunable electromagnetically induced transparency

Yang Li-jun, Lianshui Zhang, Xiaoli Li +5 more

Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonance is obtained in a Λ three-level configuration when the coupling field and the probe field satisfy the two-photon resonance condition. When an additional microwave field drives the transition between two low levels of the Λ three-level system the EIT is observed to split into multiple EITs. In this paper we present a theoretical study of this effect. The results show that the EIT resonance can be split into triplet and the spectral positions of EIT windows is determined by the intensity and the frequency of the microwave field. Therefore, a microwave field can be used to open more than one EIT windows and the EIT frequency tuning can be realized by controlling intensity and frequency of the microwave field.

Acta Physica Sinica•Jan 1, 2006•8 citations

Interference between two electromagnetically induced transparencies

Neil B. Manson, C. Wei, J. P. D. Martin +1 more

Summary form only given. We study interference between electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) features in the radio frequency region of the spectrum associated with an electron spin resonance in the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond. Measurements are made using a coherent optical detection technique. Two EIT features can be induced in a single absorption band by two coupling fields at different frequencies. The frequencies of each features can be adjusted by varying the frequency of the coupling field and in the work the frequencies are adjusted so that the EIT features are in near coincidence.

•May 12, 2000•0 citations

Electromagnetically Induced Transparency in a Diamond Spin Ensemble Enables All-Optical Electromagnetic Field Sensing

Víctor M. Acosta, Kasper Jensen, Charles Santori +2 more

We use electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) to probe the narrow electron-spin resonance of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond. Working with a multipass diamond chip at temperatures 6--30 K, the zero-phonon absorption line (637 nm) exhibits an optical depth of 6 and inhomogeneous linewidth of $\ensuremath{\sim}30\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GHz}$ FWHM. Simultaneous optical excitation at two frequencies separated by the ground-state zero-field splitting (2.88 GHz) reveals EIT resonances with a contrast exceeding 6% and FWHM down to 0.4 MHz. The resonances provide an all-optical probe of external electric and magnetic fields with a projected photon-shot-noise-limited sensitivity of $0.2\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{V}/\mathrm{cm}/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$ and $0.1\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{nT}/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$, respectively. Operation of a prototype diamond-EIT magnetometer measures a noise floor of $\ensuremath{\lesssim}1\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{nT}/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$ for frequencies above 10 Hz and Allan deviation of $1.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.1\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{nT}$ for 100 s intervals. The results demonstrate the potential of diamond-EIT devices for applications ranging from quantum-optical memory to precision measurement and tests of fundamental physics.

arXiv:1303.6996•Physical Review Letters•May 22, 2013•122 citations
Using electron-spin-resonance transitions within the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond, we have obtained a sharp electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) feature when the coupling and probing fields satisfy a two-photon resonance condition. In this paper it is shown that by the application of an additional driving field the sharp EIT feature can be split into a doublet or a triplet depending on the experimental configuration. The results are interpreted in terms of dynamic Stark splitting of the EIT feature, and the spectra are shown to be related to Autler-Townes and Mollow spectra.
In this paper we study the nonlinear behavior of an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonance subject to a coherent driving field. The EIT is associated with a $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ three-level system where two hyperfine levels within an electronic ground state are coupled to a common excited state level by a coupling field and a probe field. In addition there is an radio-frequency (rf) field driving a hyperfine transition within the ground state. The paper contrasts two different situations. In one case the rf-driven transition shares a common level with the probed transition and in the second case it shares a common level with the coupled transition. In both cases the EIT resonance is split into a doublet and the characteristics of the EIT doublet are determined by the strength and frequency of the rf-driving field. The doublet splitting originates from the rf-field induced dynamic Stark effect and has close analogy with the Autler-Townes effect observed in three-level pump-probe spectroscopy study. The situation changes when the rf field is strong and the two cases are very different. One is analogous to two $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ three-level systems with EIT resonance associated with each. The other corresponds to a doubly driven three-level system with rf-field-induced electromagnetically induced absorption resonance. The two situations are modeled using numerical solutions of the relevant equation of motion of density matrix. In addition a physical account of their behaviors is given in terms of a dressed state picture.
We report an experimental observation of Autler-Townes doublet splitting in electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonance. The splitting is introduced by a coherent microwave field, which perturbs a three-level A-type EIT system through an auxiliary level. The doublet splitting of EIT resonance is demonstrated in two cases, where the microwave field shares a common lower level with coupled or probe transition, respectively. The dependence of doublet splitting on microwave field intensity and detuning is measured. This may provide a feasible way of manipulating the atomic states with both laser and microwave field.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonance is obtained in a Λ three-level configuration when the coupling field and the probe field satisfy the two-photon resonance condition. When an additional microwave field drives the transition between two low levels of the Λ three-level system the EIT is observed to split into multiple EITs. In this paper we present a theoretical study of this effect. The results show that the EIT resonance can be split into triplet and the spectral positions of EIT windows is determined by the intensity and the frequency of the microwave field. Therefore, a microwave field can be used to open more than one EIT windows and the EIT frequency tuning can be realized by controlling intensity and frequency of the microwave field.
Summary form only given. We study interference between electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) features in the radio frequency region of the spectrum associated with an electron spin resonance in the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond. Measurements are made using a coherent optical detection technique. Two EIT features can be induced in a single absorption band by two coupling fields at different frequencies. The frequencies of each features can be adjusted by varying the frequency of the coupling field and in the work the frequencies are adjusted so that the EIT features are in near coincidence.
We use electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) to probe the narrow electron-spin resonance of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond. Working with a multipass diamond chip at temperatures 6--30 K, the zero-phonon absorption line (637 nm) exhibits an optical depth of 6 and inhomogeneous linewidth of $\ensuremath{\sim}30\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GHz}$ FWHM. Simultaneous optical excitation at two frequencies separated by the ground-state zero-field splitting (2.88 GHz) reveals EIT resonances with a contrast exceeding 6% and FWHM down to 0.4 MHz. The resonances provide an all-optical probe of external electric and magnetic fields with a projected photon-shot-noise-limited sensitivity of 0.2  V/cm/Hz0.2\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{V}/\mathrm{cm}/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}0.2  V/cm/Hz​ and 0.1  nT/Hz0.1\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{nT}/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}0.1  nT/Hz​, respectively. Operation of a prototype diamond-EIT magnetometer measures a noise floor of $\ensuremath{\lesssim}1\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{nT}/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$ for frequencies above 10 Hz and Allan deviation of $1.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.1\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{nT}$ for 100 s intervals. The results demonstrate the potential of diamond-EIT devices for applications ranging from quantum-optical memory to precision measurement and tests of fundamental physics.