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Journal of Optics B Quantum and Semiclassical Optics

Observation of electromagnetically induced transparency within an electron spin resonance transition

Changjiang Wei, Neil B. Manson

Published Aug 1, 1999• 45 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A sharp transparency feature is induced in an allowed electron spin resonance (ESR) transition by driving a nominally spin-forbidden transition. The width of the feature is narrower than the homogeneous linewidth of the ESR transition and is interpreted as being associated with electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Measurements are made for the nitrogen-vacancy centre in diamond and the signals are detected using a coherent optical technique.

DOI
10.1088/1464-4266/1/4/318

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Summary form only given. We study interference between electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) features in the radio frequency region of the spectrum associated with an electron spin resonance in the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond. Measurements are made using a coherent optical detection technique. Two EIT features can be induced in a single absorption band by two coupling fields at different frequencies. The frequencies of each features can be adjusted by varying the frequency of the coupling field and in the work the frequencies are adjusted so that the EIT features are in near coincidence.

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arXiv:1501.07381•Physical Review A•May 27, 2015•12 citations
A sharp transparency feature is induced in an allowed electron spin resonance (ESR) transition by driving a nominally spin-forbidden transition. The width of the feature is narrower than the homogeneous linewidth of the ESR transition and is interpreted as being associated with electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Measurements are made for the nitrogen-vacancy centre in diamond and the signals are detected using a coherent optical technique.
Summary form only given. We study interference between electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) features in the radio frequency region of the spectrum associated with an electron spin resonance in the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond. Measurements are made using a coherent optical detection technique. Two EIT features can be induced in a single absorption band by two coupling fields at different frequencies. The frequencies of each features can be adjusted by varying the frequency of the coupling field and in the work the frequencies are adjusted so that the EIT features are in near coincidence.
We use electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) to probe the narrow electron-spin resonance of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond. Working with a multipass diamond chip at temperatures 6--30 K, the zero-phonon absorption line (637 nm) exhibits an optical depth of 6 and inhomogeneous linewidth of $\ensuremath{\sim}30\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GHz}$ FWHM. Simultaneous optical excitation at two frequencies separated by the ground-state zero-field splitting (2.88 GHz) reveals EIT resonances with a contrast exceeding 6% and FWHM down to 0.4 MHz. The resonances provide an all-optical probe of external electric and magnetic fields with a projected photon-shot-noise-limited sensitivity of 0.2  V/cm/Hz0.2\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{V}/\mathrm{cm}/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}0.2  V/cm/Hz​ and 0.1  nT/Hz0.1\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{nT}/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}0.1  nT/Hz​, respectively. Operation of a prototype diamond-EIT magnetometer measures a noise floor of $\ensuremath{\lesssim}1\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{nT}/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$ for frequencies above 10 Hz and Allan deviation of $1.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.1\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{nT}$ for 100 s intervals. The results demonstrate the potential of diamond-EIT devices for applications ranging from quantum-optical memory to precision measurement and tests of fundamental physics.
This final technical report summarizes research supported by ARO in two areas: electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) from electron spin coherence and cavity QED with nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond nanocrystals. We have developed three different schemes to realize EIT using electron spin coherence in semiconductor quantum wells. The three schemes include the use of V-type three-level systems via heavy hole excitonic transitions in an external magnetic field in the Voigt geometry, the use of V-type three-level systems via light hole excitonic transitions in a waveguide geometry and in the absence of an external magnetic field, and the use of a lamda-type three-level system in a mixed-type quantum well structure. We have achieved the breakthrough of realizing the strong coupling regime in cavity QED by coupling NV centers in diamond nanocrystals to whispering gallery modes in a deformed fused silica microsphere. In addition, our improved understanding on how electron spin coherence contributes to nonlinear optical processes in semiconductors has also led to the demonstration of a spin manipulation scheme that controls both the amplitude and phase of electron spin precessions.
The phenomenon called Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) may induce different types of correlation between two optical fields interacting with an ensemble of atoms. It is presently well known, for example, that in the vicinity of an EIT resonance the dominant correlations at low powers turn into anti-correlations as power increases. Such correlation spectra present striking power-broadening-independent features, with the best condition for measuring the characteristic linewidth occurring at the highest powers. In the present work we investigate the physical mechanisms responsible for this set of observations. Our approach is first to reproduce these effects in a better controlled experimental setup: a cold atomic ensemble, obtained from a magneto-optical trap. The results from this conceptually simpler system were then compared to a correspondingly simpler theory, which clearly relates the observed features to the interplay between two key aspects of EIT: the transparency itself and the steep normal dispersion near two-photon resonance.
In this paper, we review our recent experimental studies on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) from electron spin coherences in semiconductor quantum wells. Coherent Raman resonances, manifestations of EIT from electron spin coherences at relatively low pump intensities, were demonstrated in both V-type and Λ-type three-level systems via heavy-hole exciton and trion transitions in undoped and doped quantum wells, respectively. Coherent Raman resonances from electron spin coherences via light-hole transitions were also demonstrated in a waveguide geometry that enables a long optical interaction length as well as a large absorption coefficient. Experimental approaches that can avoid or reduce detrimental many-body effects in quantum wells are suggested for the realization of nearly ideal EIT processes.
Narrow linewidth signals of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in the metastable 83Kr^{83}\mathrm{Kr}83Kr have been observed. Various hyperfine transitions in the 4p55s[3/2]24{p}^{5}5s{[3/2]}_{2}4p55s[3/2]2​ to 4p55p[5/2]34{p}^{5}5p{[5/2]}_{3}4p55p[5/2]3​ manifolds of 83Kr^{83}\mathrm{Kr}83Kr have been identified through the experimentally observed EIT signals. Some unresolved or poorly resolved hyperfine transitions in saturated absorption spectroscopy (SAS) are clearly resolved in the present work. Using the spectral separation of these EIT identified hyperfine transitions, the magnetic hyperfine constant (A)(A)(A) and the electric quadrupole hyperfine constant (B)(B)(B) are determined with improved accuracy for 4p55s[3/2]24{p}^{5}5s{[3/2]}_{2}4p55s[3/2]2​ and 4p55p[5/2]34{p}^{5}5p{[5/2]}_{3}4p55p[5/2]3​ manifolds.