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Physical Review A

Asymmetric probe-absorption spectrum and amplification without population inversion in a squeezed vacuum

Z. Ficek, William Smyth, S. Swain

Published Nov 1, 1995• 31 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A comprehensive study is made of the absorption spectrum of a weak-probe beam irradiating a two-level atom damped by a broadband squeezed vacuum and driven by a strong laser field. We show that for a resonant driving field whose phase does not coincide with the principal directions of the squeezing ellipse, the absorption spectrum is asymmetric and exhibits absorption-emission profiles at the Rabi sidebands. We find that this feature arises from unequal populations of the dressed states of the system, which occur when all components of the Bloch vector are coupled to the driving field. A symmetric spectrum with dispersionlike profiles at the Rabi sidebands is revealed for an off-resonant driving field. Furthermore, the spectrum may exhibit an emission profile at the central frequency, signifying an amplification of the probe beam. We point out that the amplification at the central component is not attributed to population inversion in both the atomic bare states and in the dressed atomic states. We find that the amplification originates from the coherent population oscillations and is impossible in the absence of the squeezed vacuum. In addition, we examine how these features are affected by the detuning of the driving field and an imperfect squeezed vacuum.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.52.4126

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Physical Review A•Jan 1, 1997•44 citations
A comprehensive study is made of the absorption spectrum of a weak-probe beam irradiating a two-level atom damped by a broadband squeezed vacuum and driven by a strong laser field. We show that for a resonant driving field whose phase does not coincide with the principal directions of the squeezing ellipse, the absorption spectrum is asymmetric and exhibits absorption-emission profiles at the Rabi sidebands. We find that this feature arises from unequal populations of the dressed states of the system, which occur when all components of the Bloch vector are coupled to the driving field. A symmetric spectrum with dispersionlike profiles at the Rabi sidebands is revealed for an off-resonant driving field. Furthermore, the spectrum may exhibit an emission profile at the central frequency, signifying an amplification of the probe beam. We point out that the amplification at the central component is not attributed to population inversion in both the atomic bare states and in the dressed atomic states. We find that the amplification originates from the coherent population oscillations and is impossible in the absence of the squeezed vacuum. In addition, we examine how these features are affected by the detuning of the driving field and an imperfect squeezed vacuum.
We study the absorption spectra of a weak probe beam that interacts with a driven two-level atom in the presence of a squeezed vacuum. In particular, we focus on the behavior of the central resonance of the probe absorption spectra in the region of intermediate driving intensities and in the large squeezed photon number limit. Squeezing-induced pimples, hole-burning, and dispersive profiles at line center are displayed. These unusual spectral features are highly sensitive to the squeezing phase and to the Rabi frequency of the driving field. We present analytical conditions for the occurrence of these effects and find that they all take place in the vicinity of the critical point dividing the different dynamical regimes, probe absorption and amplification, of the atomic radiation. We also investigate analytically and numerically the two-time correlation functions of the atomic polarization and find that the cross correlations of the two dipole quadratures contribute symmetric (absorptionlike) spectral features to the absorption spectra, whereas the self-correlations contribute asymmetric (dispersionlike) spectral profiles, which disappear for the particular phase values Φ = 0, π. The physical origin of the unusual spectral profiles at line center is also discussed in terms of the coherent population oscillations.
We present numerical and analytical results for the Mollow probe absorption spectrum of a coherently driven two-level system in a narrow bandwidth squeezed vacuum field. The spectra are calculated for the case where the Rabi frequency of the driving field is much larger than the natural linewidth and the squeezed vacuum carrier frequency is detuned from the driving laser frequency. The driving laser is on resonance. We show that in a detuned squeezed vacuum the standard Mollow features are each split into triplets. The central components of each triplet are weakly dependent on the squeezing phase but the sidebands strongly depend on the phase and can have dispersive or absorptive/emissive profiles. We also derive approximate analytical expressions for the spectral features and find that the multi-peak structure of the spectrum can be interpreted either via the eigenfrequencies of a generalized Floquet Hamiltonian or in terms of three-photon transitions between dressed states involving a probe field photon and a correlated photon pair from the squeezed vacuum field.
The authors present analytical and numerical results for resonance fluorescence produced by a two-level atom damped by a broad-band squeezed vacuum. Previous theoretical analyses of this model have assumed that the laser frequency and the carrier frequency of the squeezed vacuum are equal. The authors introduce a non-zero detuning between the laser frequency and the carrier frequency while maintaining resonance between the laser frequency and atomic resonance. In the absence of the driving field there is a squeezing threshold: above threshold the decay rate of the atomic polarization can be reduced, and below threshold a squeezing-induced two peak spectrum and frequency shift, which is analogous to the Bloch-Siegert shift, are predicted. In the presence of the driving field, the spectrum is asymmetric for Rabi frequencies smaller or comparable to the detuning of the squeezed vacuum. A symmetric spectrum is obtained for large Rabi frequencies. An interpretation is predicted by means of a dressed-state analysis. The authors find that for not too large Rabi frequencies a remarkably large population inversion can be induced in the dressed states, even at exact resonance of the driving field, provided that the laser frequency and carrier frequency are detuned. Moreover, for detection times larger than the inverse detuning, the spectrum is insensitive to the phase between the driving field and the squeezed vacuum, in marked contrast to the case of no detuning.
Abstract A study of the absorption spectrum of a weak-probe beam irradiating a two-level quantum emitter with broken inversion symmetry driven by external monochromatic high-frequency electromagnetic (e.g. laser) field and damped by squeezed vacuum reservoir with finite bandwidth was carried out for the case of the squeezed vacuum source being represented by a non-degenerate parametric oscillator below threshold. It was shown that this atom-driving-field system can either amplify or absorb weak probe electromagnetic radiation beam of much lower frequency than the frequency of the driving field. The shape of the absorption and amplification spectra can be controlled by the degree of the squeezed vacuum source degeneration and by the phase of the squeezing, while the switching between these two modes of operation can only be controlled by the phase of the squeezing.
The resonance fluorescence system of a coherently driven two-level atom in the presence of a broadband squeezed vacuum field whose central frequency is not in resonance with either the driving field frequency or the atomic transition frequency is analyzed. Solutions of the Bloch equations of the system are presented in terms of continued fractions for arbitrary strength of the coherent driving field. Numerical results are presented for the first-harmonic quadrature components of the absorption spectrum and the fluorescent intensity. The effects of the squeezed vacuum field detuning on the absorption spectrum result in hole burning or a dip structure in the weak-field case and two absorption–amplification peaks in the strong-field case. Results are sensitive to the relative phase of the squeezed vacuum.
We examine the response of a coherently driven two-level atom interacting with a broadband squeezed vacuum to a probe beam of arbitrary intensity. The equations of motion for the reduced density matrix elements are numerically solved by nonperturbative matrix inversion methods. For large driving intensities, the absorption spectrum exhibits a number of multiphoton absorption peaks with increasing probe strength in a standard vacuum and in a squeezed vacuum with small photon numbers, while the multiphoton absorption peaks are wiped out for large squeezed photon numbers. Strong gain without inversion at line center can be obtained in the presence of the squeezed vacuum when the probe strength does not exceed the driving one. The absorption spectrum is phase sensitive. We also find the presence of remarkable, very narrow structures at line center. In general, the spectrum is symmetric when \ensuremath{\Phi}=0 and \ensuremath{\pi}; otherwise, it is asymmetric and displays a dispersivelike profile at line center.