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Laser Physics Letters

Ultra-slow propagation of light located in ultra-narrow transparency windows through four quantum dot molecules

Hamid Reza Hamedi

Published Jun 6, 2014• 26 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This letter investigates the dispersion and absorption properties of a weak probe field in a multiple quantum dot molecule composed of four quantum dots. It is found that, by manipulating the electric field, the inter-dot tunneling coupling and the laser detunings, the transparency window as well as the positive derivative in the refractive index can be efficiently qualified. It is shown that switching from positive to negative dispersion or vice versa can be achieved by changing the tunneling couplings. Moreover, we realize that the width and the number of transparency windows can be properly controlled by adjusting the system's parameters. We show that this multiple QD medium can experience very narrow transparency windows accompanied by very steep positive dispersions. The effect of an incoherent pumping field on the absorption–dispersion properties of the QD molecule is then discussed. We note that tunneling is used in this QD system instead of coupling lasers.

DOI
10.1088/1612-2011/11/8/085201

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This letter investigates the dispersion and absorption properties of a weak probe field in a multiple quantum dot molecule composed of four quantum dots. It is found that, by manipulating the electric field, the inter-dot tunneling coupling and the laser detunings, the transparency window as well as the positive derivative in the refractive index can be efficiently qualified. It is shown that switching from positive to negative dispersion or vice versa can be achieved by changing the tunneling couplings. Moreover, we realize that the width and the number of transparency windows can be properly controlled by adjusting the system's parameters. We show that this multiple QD medium can experience very narrow transparency windows accompanied by very steep positive dispersions. The effect of an incoherent pumping field on the absorption–dispersion properties of the QD molecule is then discussed. We note that tunneling is used in this QD system instead of coupling lasers.
In this working, we introduce a Q-DD composed of two QDs. We find that the absorption and dispersion spectra of the light pulse can be changed via the effect of and inter-dot tunnel couplings and probe pumping field of QDs. Then, we employ the steady state and dynamical state in the four-level double QDs system. The slope of dispersion switches from positive to negative. Therefore, both superluminal and Subluminal light propagations can be achieved by simply applying a gate voltage to the double inter dot tunnel coupling. It is also demonstrated that by applying the indirect pump probe field to the probe transition the absorption-free superluminal light propagation is obtained. The results show that by proper tuning of the bias voltage. This structure also indicates that a wide range of linearity from negative to positive can be simply adjusted via a bias voltage, which would result in wide control of signal beam.
We analyze the interaction of a triple quantum dot molecules controlled by the tunneling coupling instead of coupling laser. A general analytic expression for the steady-state linear susceptibility for a probe-laser field is obtained and we show that the system can exhibit two transparency windows. The group velocity of the probe-laser pulse is also analyzed. By changing the tunneling couplings, two laser pulses with different central frequency can propagate with the same group velocity. And the group velocity can be as low as 300 m/s in our system. We extend our analysis to the case of multiple quantum dot molecules (the number of the quantum dots is N) and show that the system can exhibit at most N-1 transparency windows. And at most N-1 laser pulses with different central frequencies can be slowed down.
A switch is proposed for controlling the subluminal and superluminal light propagation through the triple coupled quantum dots system. The steady-state and transient behavior of the absorption and the dispersion of a probe pulse through a triple quantum dots molecule are investigated. We demonstrate that the group velocity of a light pulse can be controlled from subluminal to superluminal or vice versa by controlling the rates of incoherent pumping and tunneling between electronic levels. Switching time is calculated by discussing the dependency of optical transient properties on the incoherent pumping and inter-dot tunneling rates. We introduce three controlling parameters that make it possible to control the wave propagation electrically or even optically in such coupled quantum dot systems.
With the presence of the signal pulse, a quantum dot (QD) four-level structure interacting with four fields forms a double-cascade configuration. The linear optical properties for amplification, absorption, and dispersion of two weak near-infrared (NIR) lights in this scheme are investigated. It shows that the amplification, transparency, normal and anomalous dispersion of the probe and signal fields, i.e., the two NIR waves, can be achieved by adjusting the relative phase of the applied lasers, the probe detuning, and the two pump Rabi energies appropriately, while when the signal pulse is removed, the nonlinear optical phenomenon four-wave mixing (FWM) originating from quantum interference is demonstrated. A highly efficient FWM process with a NIR mixing field generated can be realized in this system. Such investigation in a semiconductor QD system with flexible design and widely adjustable parameters may provide new possibilities for realizing the efficient generation and gain of NIR waves and manipulating light propagation between subluminal and superluminal in the solid-state materials.
Soliton, which can travel over long distance without attenuation or shape change due to the balance of the interplay between dispersion (or diffraction) and nonlinearity in nonlinear medium, becomes a good information carrier in quantum information processing and transmission. Up to now, the study on the optical solitons mainly focuses on ultra-cold atomic electromagnetic induction transparency (EIT) medium. This is mainly because ultra-cold atomic system can generate strong nonlinear effect under low light excitation. However, for the practical application, it is a big challenge to control accurately the optical soliton dynamics in the atomic EIT medium due to its low temperature (which approaches to absolute zero) and rarefaction. Fortunately, with the maturity of semiconductor quantum production technology, quantum dots have extensive application prospect in quantum information processing and transmission. So, in the paper, we study the optical soliton dynamics in a four-level asymmetric array-type three-quantum-dot EIT medium. Based on the current experimental results, we first propose a four-level asymmetric array-type three-quantum-dot EIT model. Subsequently, by using amplitude variable approach combined with multi-scale method, we study analytically the propagation of a probe pulse in this system. It is shown that when one (the another) inter-dot tunneling coupling is turned on (off), only a single transparency window appears in the center range of the probe field detuning. Only if two inter-dot tunneling couplings are turned on will two transparent windows be distributed on both sides of the central region of the probe field detuning. And the width of the single transparent window or the widths of two transparent windows become wider with the strength of the inter-dot tunneling coupling increasing. For the nonlinear case, by choosing appropriate parameters in the area of the transparency window, the stable propagation of soliton can be realized. Interestingly, we find that the strength of the inter-dot tunneling coupling has an important effect on the soliton dynamic behaviors. In the case that one (the another) inter-dot tunneling coupling is turned on (off), with the increase of strength of the inter-dot tunneling coupling, the velocity of the soliton exhibits a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, and the amplitude of the soliton presents a increasing trend for ever. For the case that two inter-dot tunneling couplings are turned on, with the strength of the two inter-dot tunneling coupling increasing, the velocity of the soliton presents a decreasing trend for ever, while the amplitude of the soliton exhibits a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. Thus, the amplitude modulation effect of optical soliton can be realized in semiconductor quantum dot devices.
An efficient scheme for subluminal light propagation in asymmetric multiple quantum wells is investigated. In such a system, the linear absorption facilitated by transparency can be controlled through tunneling voltage instead of laser field. It is found that, by varying tunneling voltage between two wells and a suitable choice of detuning, the width of the tunneling-induced transparency (TIT) can be broadened. At the same time, it has been analyzed that the dispersion properties of the weak probe pulse could be changed from superluminal to subluminal within the TIT window. The proposed work may have fruitful applications in switching devices and quantum information processing at low light levels.