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Chinese Physics

Anisotropy of optical absorption intensity in Tm 3+ doped YVO 4 crystals

Lin Xiu-hua, Jiang Bingxi

Published Apr 1, 2000• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Seven absorption group-bands (1D2, 1G4, 3F2, 3F3, 3H4, 3H5, 3F4) of Tm3+ in YVO4 single crystals have been observed in the orientation absorption spectra recorded in the spectral range from 200 to 4000 nm at 300K. The integrated absorption cross section for each group-band was accurately evaluated. On the assumption that the anisotropy of this uni-axial crystal is small, the Judd-Ofelt theory was extended for the calculation of 4f-4f transition intensities of Tm3+ in YVO4. Two sets of phenomenological intensity parameters were derived from a least-squares-fit procedure. For c-axis cut sample we have Ω2=10.18 (10-20cm2), Ω4=1.96 (10-20cm2), Ω6=0.75 (10-20cm2). For a-axis cut sample we have Ω2=8.20 (10-20cm2), Ω4=2.47 (10-20cm2), Ω6=0.91 (10-20cm2). The anisotropy of the optical absorption intensities of Tm3+:YVO4 was theoretically analyzed in detail.

DOI
10.1088/1009-1963/9/9/011

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Seven absorption group-bands (1D2, 1G4, 3F2, 3F3, 3H4, 3H5, 3F4) of Tm3+ in YVO4 single crystals have been observed in the orientation absorption spectra recorded in the spectral range from 200 to 4000 nm at 300K. The integrated absorption cross section for each group-band was accurately evaluated. On the assumption that the anisotropy of this uni-axial crystal is small, the Judd-Ofelt theory was extended for the calculation of 4f-4f transition intensities of Tm3+ in YVO4. Two sets of phenomenological intensity parameters were derived from a least-squares-fit procedure. For c-axis cut sample we have Ω2=10.18 (10-20cm2), Ω4=1.96 (10-20cm2), Ω6=0.75 (10-20cm2). For a-axis cut sample we have Ω2=8.20 (10-20cm2), Ω4=2.47 (10-20cm2), Ω6=0.91 (10-20cm2). The anisotropy of the optical absorption intensities of Tm3+:YVO4 was theoretically analyzed in detail.
High resolution, absolute excited-state absorption (ESA) spectra, at room temperature, from the long-lived 3F4 energy level of several crystals doped with trivalent thulium (Tm3+) ions have been measured employing high-brightness narrowband (FWHM <30 nm) light emitting diodes (LEDs) as a probe wavelength. The aim of this investigation was to determine the strength of ESA channels at wavelengths addressable by commercially available semiconductor laser diodes operating around 630-680 nm. The favourable lifetime of the 3F4 manifold and negligible ground-state absorption (GSA) for the red-wavelength second-step excitation, ensures a direct and efficient route for a dual-wavelength pumping scheme of the thulium ion, which will enable blue-green laser emission from its 1G4 upper-laser level.
The intensities of optical absorption spectra of Er 3+ in single crystals of yttrium gallium garnet at 700 °K have been shown to fit Judd's theory of 4f-4f transitions with the following parameters: T 2 = 1·44 × 10 -21 s, T 4 = 1·12 × 10 -21 s, T 6 = 1·42 × 10 -21 s. These have been used to estimate Einstein coefficients useful in a discussion of the quantum efficiency of the fluorescence from the 4 S 3/2 state, and the efficiency of infra-red quantum counter action in the material. For pure spontaneous radiation an efficiency of 71% for transitions to the 4 I 15/2 ground state is expected. The quantum efficiency has also been directly measured and a value of 12% was obtained. This is lower owing to competing phonon processes. Using the experimental value for the quantum efficiency, and the above values of T , a theoretical photon gain for quantum counter action of 0·55 × 10 -8 has been calculated.
The zero-phonon line (ZPL) between the two excited-state manifolds 3F4 and 3H4 of the trivalent thulium ion in yttrium aluminum perovskite (Tm3+:YAlO3) lies within the telecom E-band at around 1451 nm and exhibits an optical coherence time of a few μs at cryogenic temperatures. To improve this time in view of potential applications, e.g. single-photon sources and optical quantum memory, we characterized the magnetic properties of the lowest Stark levels of these two manifolds. Varying the external magnetic field amplitude and orientation, we measured the enhanced nuclear Zeeman splitting by probing the field-dependent frequency detuning of side holes created by means of spectral hole burning, and we characterized the inhomogeneous line shift caused by the quadratic Zeeman interaction. Together, this allowed us to establish the spin Hamiltonians for the lowest Stark level of the 3F4 and 3H4 manifolds, and to predict optical clock transitions for particular orientations and magnitudes of the magnetic field
Abstract We investigate the optical lifetime, decay characteristics, spectral linewidth and energy level properties of thulium ions doped in a KY(WO 4 ) 2 crystal at 4 K temperature. High doping concentration of thulium ions with inhomogeneous broadening allow us to study nonradiative behaviors, instantaneous spectral diffusion, and spectral power broadening in this solid-state material. The theoretical consideration of ion–ion interactions is shown to accurately characterize the absorption, decay and other spectral behaviors of Tm 3 + ions. We observe more than ten-fold reduction in the decay time of 3H4 state and about three-fold reduction in the spectral-hole lifetime as we approach the center of the inhomogeneous broadening, corresponding to higher optical densities.