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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Evolution of the spatial frequency spectrum of the scattering in the region of the 3S–3Ptransition in sodium vapor

Anatolii A Afanas'ev, V I Vaĭchaĭtis, M V Ignatavichyus, Vladimir A. Kudryashov, Yu. N. Pimenov, R V Yakite

Published Aug 31, 1987• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

An experimental investigation was made of the evolution of conically scattered radiation generated by excitation of sodium vapor with pump radiation in the range 16 450–17 360 cm−1 (608–576 nm) in the region of the 3S–3P transition. It was found that the conical structure of the scattered radiation, recorded earlier in the case of near-resonant excitation, was retained in a wide range of the tunable pump radiation frequency. The conical structure observed in the vicinity of two photon resonances of the pump frequency with the 3S–5S and 3S–4D transitions was determined not only by the scattered radiation, similar to that observed in the case of near-resonant excitation, but also by the radiation due to four-photon parametric scattering in the case of full phase matching between the interacting waves.

DOI
10.1070/qe1987v017n08abeh009678

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An experimental investigation was made of the evolution of conically scattered radiation generated by excitation of sodium vapor with pump radiation in the range 16 450–17 360 cm−1 (608–576 nm) in the region of the 3S–3P transition. It was found that the conical structure of the scattered radiation, recorded earlier in the case of near-resonant excitation, was retained in a wide range of the tunable pump radiation frequency. The conical structure observed in the vicinity of two photon resonances of the pump frequency with the 3S–5S and 3S–4D transitions was determined not only by the scattered radiation, similar to that observed in the case of near-resonant excitation, but also by the radiation due to four-photon parametric scattering in the case of full phase matching between the interacting waves.
An analysis was made of four-photon interaction processes under conditions of two-photon resonance excitation of the 3 D sodium level by two-frequency radiation from a single-pulse picosecond YAG:Nd laser with frequency doubling and a KDP optical parametric oscillator. The spatial and frequency spectra of the four-photon parametric scattering (FPPS) were recorded and studied experimentally at various sodium vapor densities (10 15 –10 17 cm −3 ) and also using collinear and noncollinear excitation. It was found that the observed conical structure of the FPPS radiation may be interpreted by an analysis of whether the frequency and spatial phase-matching conditions were satisfied. Dependences of the intensity of the FPPS radiation on the intensity of the exciting radiation, the sodium vapor density, and the detuning of the exciting radiation frequency from the two-photon resonance were obtained.
A detailed study on yellow conical emission observed in dense sodium vapor following near-resonant one-photon excitation of the Na 42P levels was performed. The origins of conical emission are suggested to be due to Raman resonant four-wave parametric mixing processes. In order to describe spectral and spatial features of off-axis emission, we introduce self-phase modulation and induced-phase modulation as important additional nonlinear processes, explaining the nonmonotonic detuning of the wavelength of the conical radiation with the exiting laser wavelength in the vicinity of resonance transitions. The spatial evolution of emission generated via four-wave mixing is modeled by solving the two-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation describing the spatial evolution of light beams in a nonlinear media. Experimental and theoretical results are presented and discussed.
An experimental and theoretical investigation is made of the angular spectrum of a near-resonant femtosecond laser pulse propagating through sodium vapor. A directional fluorescence emission corresponding to single-photon sodium transition $3S\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3{P}_{1∕2,3∕2}$ has been registered for the pump wavelength ranging from 540to605nm540\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}605\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}540to605nm. It is found that such emission can be detected under the conditions of single-photon (enhanced by two-photon) resonance of pump frequency with relevant atomic states. Theoretical treatment of the field-matter interaction by means of the nonperturbative (semiclassical) approach revealed conical components of the cylindrically symmetric beam spectrum originating both from the fluorescence induced by coherent atomic polarization and four-wave mixing.
We report the first observation of a cone radiation at 5890–5896 Å (ωL) in sodium vapor pumped by an excimer laser–dye laser tunable over a 334–347-nm (ωP) range. Simultaneously, with the cone radiation two tunable stimulated emissions were detected: the 3S–4S (Ω) stimulated electronic Raman scattering transition at 2.38–2.65 μm (ωS), and the 4S–3P transition at 1.138–1.142 μm (ωT). On the hollow ring of the upward cone radiation three spectral lines appear at 5890, 5896, and 5894 Å. The first two wavelengths are fixed and the third is slightly tunable during the tuning of the dye laser. The cone size varies with the sodium vapor pressure and it disappears, while the buffer argon pressure is higher than 20 Torr.