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AIP conference proceedings

Observation of a cone radiation in sodium vapor

Xiaofeng Han, Zhenguo Lu, Zuguang Ma

Published Jan 1, 1987• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper reports the observation of a yellow cone radiation in sodium vapor pumped by an UV dye laser. It is proposed that a Raman resonant spontaneous four wave parametric process is generated and a doublet emission on resonant transition of 3p‐3s is induced.
DOI
10.1063/1.36850

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Physical Review Letters•May 4, 1981•120 citations
We report the first observation of a cone radiation at 5890–5896 Å (ωL) in sodium vapor pumped by an excimer laser–dye laser tunable over a 334–347-nm (ωP) range. Simultaneously, with the cone radiation two tunable stimulated emissions were detected: the 3S–4S (Ω) stimulated electronic Raman scattering transition at 2.38–2.65 μm (ωS), and the 4S–3P transition at 1.138–1.142 μm (ωT). On the hollow ring of the upward cone radiation three spectral lines appear at 5890, 5896, and 5894 Å. The first two wavelengths are fixed and the third is slightly tunable during the tuning of the dye laser. The cone size varies with the sodium vapor pressure and it disappears, while the buffer argon pressure is higher than 20 Torr.
A detailed study on yellow conical emission observed in dense sodium vapor following near-resonant one-photon excitation of the Na 42P levels was performed. The origins of conical emission are suggested to be due to Raman resonant four-wave parametric mixing processes. In order to describe spectral and spatial features of off-axis emission, we introduce self-phase modulation and induced-phase modulation as important additional nonlinear processes, explaining the nonmonotonic detuning of the wavelength of the conical radiation with the exiting laser wavelength in the vicinity of resonance transitions. The spatial evolution of emission generated via four-wave mixing is modeled by solving the two-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation describing the spatial evolution of light beams in a nonlinear media. Experimental and theoretical results are presented and discussed.
An experimental investigation was made of the evolution of conically scattered radiation generated by excitation of sodium vapor with pump radiation in the range 16 450–17 360 cm−1 (608–576 nm) in the region of the 3S–3P transition. It was found that the conical structure of the scattered radiation, recorded earlier in the case of near-resonant excitation, was retained in a wide range of the tunable pump radiation frequency. The conical structure observed in the vicinity of two photon resonances of the pump frequency with the 3S–5S and 3S–4D transitions was determined not only by the scattered radiation, similar to that observed in the case of near-resonant excitation, but also by the radiation due to four-photon parametric scattering in the case of full phase matching between the interacting waves.
Four-wave optical parametric amplification enhanced by the ac Stark effect has been observed, with the use of a dye laser tuned near the D2{D}_{2}D2​ line of sodium. This process leads to the generation of sidebands displaced from the laser frequency by the generalized Rabi frequency. Under certain experimental conditions, the emitted radiation is in the form of a cone surrounding the transmitted laser beam. A theoretical model that describes these effects is presented.