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Nature Photonics

Ultrafast Rabi flopping and coherent pulse propagation in a quantum cascade laser

Hyunyong Choi, Vasileios-Marios Gkortsas, Laurent Diehl, David P. Bour, Scott W. Corzine, Jintian Zhu, Gloria E. Hofler, Federico Capasso, Franz X. Käertner, Theodore B. Norris

Published Aug 29, 2010• 60 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1038/nphoton.2010.205

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Amplitude and phase-controlled midinfrared field transients at a wavelength of 12.5 μm induce resonant intersubband excitations in n-type modulation-doped GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells. The transmitted electric field transients are directly measured by ultrafast electro-optic sampling. Coherent control of intersubband excitations is demonstrated by applying two phase-locked pulses with variable relative phase. A coherent nonlinear response corresponding to partial Rabi flops of up to 60° in the Bloch sphere is observed with excitation pulses of only 1 pJ energy.
We demonstrate Rabi oscillation of a resonant two-photon transition in a three-level ladder-type quantum system of gaseous rubidium atoms induced by a single femtosecond laser pulse. For this, we shape the flat-top spatial profile of the laser pulse and perform the ultrafast population cycling of the atoms as a function of pulse energy. The experimental result confirms that the Rabi frequency of the transition from a ground state to a final state depends linearly on the pulse area, although the transition is a two-photon process.