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Chinese Physics Letters

Quantum Interference Between Decay Channels of a Three-Level Atom Placed Between Two Parallel Plates

Lu Zhou, Gan Zhong-Wei, Gao‐xiang Li

Published Jul 30, 2004• 17 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate the generation of quantum interference induced by spontaneous emission from two transitions of a V-type three-level atom embedded between two parallel plates (one or both the plates have infinite permeability, i.e. μ→ ∞ ). The result shows that, due to the anisotropy of vacuum, quantum interference still exists although the two dipole matrix elements of the atom are orthogonal to each other. When the atom is located very close to one of the plates, the quantum interference effect is particularly prominent. The strength of quantum interference displays oscillating behaviour with the position of the atom. With the increase of the distance between the plates, the oscillation becomes dense.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/21/8/029

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We investigate the generation of quantum interference induced by spontaneous emission from two transitions of a V-type three-level atom embedded between two parallel plates (one or both the plates have infinite permeability, i.e. μ→ ∞ ). The result shows that, due to the anisotropy of vacuum, quantum interference still exists although the two dipole matrix elements of the atom are orthogonal to each other. When the atom is located very close to one of the plates, the quantum interference effect is particularly prominent. The strength of quantum interference displays oscillating behaviour with the position of the atom. With the increase of the distance between the plates, the oscillation becomes dense.
Spontaneous emission of an atom with two close upper levels and one lower level in a multilayer dielectric medium, and quantum interference between transitions from the upper levels to the lower one, are considered. Since the medium is inhomogeneous along the direction normal to the interfaces of the dielectric layers, the vacuum has an anisotropic spatial structure, and quantum intereference between the two decay channels can appear even if the two dipole matrix elements are orthogonal to each other. If the atom is placed in a three-layer dielectric plate cavity, a strong quantum interference similar to that for an atom with two nearly parallel dipole moments in free space arises due to the influence of anisotropic vacuum. Putting the atom in a three-layer dielectric waveguide and a one-dimensional photonic crystal, there appears a strong quantum interference similar to that for an atom with nearly antiparallel dipole moments.
We demonstrate how the anisotropy of the vacuum of the electromagnetic field can lead to quantum interferences among the decay channels of close lying states. Our key result is that interferences are given by the scalar formed from the antinormally ordered electric field correlation tensor for the anisotropic vacuum and the dipole matrix elements for the two transitions. We present results for emission between two conducting plates as well as for a two photon process involving fluorescence produced under coherent cw excitation.
We investigate the spontaneous emission from a V three-level atom embedded in two-band isotropic photonic crystals. The dipoles of the two transitions from the two upper levels to the lower level are parallel. Due to the quantum interference between the two transitions and the existence of two bands, the populations in the upper levels display some novel properties, such as anti-trapping and continuous oscillation, which differ from that of a two-level atom (with two bands) and also differ from that if only one band (for three-level atom) is considered. The spontaneous emission field is composed of two parts: localized field and travelling field. The localized field is composed of one or two localized modes, and the travelling field is composed of no, one, two or three propagating modes depending on different conditions. The conditions for different combinations of localized modes and propagating modes are discussed.
The spontaneous emission from a three-level atom embedded in a photonic band gap structure is studied. Interference between two transitions leads to quasiperiodic oscillations of population between the two upper levels with large amplitudes. The spontaneous emission of the atom is characterized by three components in the radiated field: a localized part, a traveling pulse, and a (1/t)3(1/\sqrt{t}{)}^{3}(1/t​)3 decaying part. An analytical expression for the localization distance of the localized field is obtained. The energy velocity for the traveling pulse could be close to zero. By selecting an appropriate initial superposition state, a large amount of population trapping can be achieved.
We compute the influence on the spontaneous-emission rate for a two-level atom when it is located between two parallel plates of a different nature, namely a perfectly conducting plate $(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}\ensuremath{\infty})$ and an infinitely permeable one $(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\ensuremath{\mu}}\ensuremath{\infty}).$ We also discuss the case of two infinitely permeable plates. We compare our results with those found in the literature for the case of two perfectly conducting plates.