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Chinese Physics Letters

Quantum Interference in Spontaneous Emission from a V-Type Three-Level Atom in a Two-Band Photonic Crystal

Yang Ya-Ping, Chen Hong, Shi‐Yao Zhu

Published Jun 1, 2000• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The spontaneous emission from a V-type three-level atom embedded in a two-band photonic crystal is studied. Due to the quantum interference between the two transitions and existence of two bands, the populations in the upper levels display some novel behavior: anti-trapping, population oscillation, and population inversion.
DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/17/6/014

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Spontaneous emission from a V-type three-level atom in a photonic crystal is investigated. Quantum interference between the two atomic transitions affects the constructor of dressed states, and leads to an interesting behavior of the populations in the two upper levels: antitrapping, periodic oscillation, and no population inversion. Those properties depend strongly on the relative position of the upper levels from the forbidden gap and the initial state of the atom, and differ from that of a two-level atom in a photonic crystal. The emitted field, which is composed of localized mode(s) and propagating mode(s), is also studied. Quantum interference can enhance or reduce the energy of the localized field.
We investigate the spontaneous emission from a V three-level atom embedded in two-band isotropic photonic crystals. The dipoles of the two transitions from the two upper levels to the lower level are parallel. Due to the quantum interference between the two transitions and the existence of two bands, the populations in the upper levels display some novel properties, such as anti-trapping and continuous oscillation, which differ from that of a two-level atom (with two bands) and also differ from that if only one band (for three-level atom) is considered. The spontaneous emission field is composed of two parts: localized field and travelling field. The localized field is composed of one or two localized modes, and the travelling field is composed of no, one, two or three propagating modes depending on different conditions. The conditions for different combinations of localized modes and propagating modes are discussed.
The spontaneous emission spectrum from a V-type three-level atom embedded in a double-band photonic band gap (PBG) material has been investigated for the first time. Most interestingly it is shown that there is not only a black dark line, but also a narrow spontaneous line near the edges of the double photonic band. The positions of the dark line and narrow spontaneous line are near the transition from an empty upper level to a lower level. The lines stem from destructive and constructive quantum interferences, which induce population transfer between the two upper levels, in the PBG reservoirs. The effects of system parameters on the interference have been discussed in detail.
The spontaneous emission from a three-level atom embedded in a photonic band gap structure is studied. Interference between two transitions leads to quasiperiodic oscillations of population between the two upper levels with large amplitudes. The spontaneous emission of the atom is characterized by three components in the radiated field: a localized part, a traveling pulse, and a (1/t)3(1/\sqrt{t}{)}^{3}(1/t​)3 decaying part. An analytical expression for the localization distance of the localized field is obtained. The energy velocity for the traveling pulse could be close to zero. By selecting an appropriate initial superposition state, a large amount of population trapping can be achieved.
Quantum interferences in spontaneous emission spectrum from a V-type three-level and a double V-type four-level atom embedded in a double-band photonic band-gap material have been investigated. We demonstrate that there is not only a black dark line, but also a narrow spontaneous line in the spectrum. The dark line results from a destructive interference or singularities of the density of states of the radiation field. The narrow spectral line arises from a population transfer under joint constructive interferences. The spontaneous emission spectrum is compared to the cases of single-band and double-band photonic band-gap reservoirs.