The theory of weak values for quantum mechanical observables has come to serve as a useful basis for contemporary discussions concerning such varied topics as the tunnelling-time controversy and quantum stochastic processes. An intrinsic complex-valued weak energy has recently been observed experimentally and reported in the literature. In this paper it is shown that: (a) the real and imaginary valued parts of this weak energy have geometric interpretations related to a phase acquired from parallel transport in Hilbert space and the variational dynamics occurring in the associated projective Hilbert space, respectively; (b) the weak energy defines functions which translate correlation amplitudes and probabilities in time; (c) correlation probabilities can be controlled by manipulating the weak energy and there exists a condition of weak stationarity that guarantees their time invariance; and (d) a time-weak energy uncertainty relation of the usual form prevails when a suitable set of dynamical constraints are imposed.
We analyze the weak and critical points of various uncertainty relations that follow from the inequalities for the norms of vectors in the Hilbert space of states of a quantum system. There are studied uncertainty relations for sums of standard deviations, for sums of variances, and other relations between standard deviations or variances. The obtained results are compared with the conclusions obtained in similar cases using the standard Heisenberg-Robertson uncertainty relation. We also show that there exists an upper bound on the product of standard deviations that appears in the Heisenberg-Robertson uncertainty relation.
Requirements of a conjugate operator are emphasized, especially in its role in uncertainty relations.It is argued that in many contexts it is necessary to extend the Hilbert space in order to define a conjugate operator as in gauge theories. Example of a particle in a box is analysed. This is closely related to the quantum oscillator through cosine states of Susskind and Glogower.It is used to justify London's phase wave functions albeit as part of a larger Hilbert space. A new definition phase uncertainty neccessiated by periodicity is proposed.It is close to the usual r.m.s. definition.Corresponding number- phase uncertainty relation is obtained and its implications are discussed. Hilbert space of an oscillator is identified with the Hilbert space of a planar rotor with a
Z2 gauge invariance.This is used to construct states analogous to the cosine and sine states and to illustrate unitary equivalence of Hilbert spaces.