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Optics Letters

Pulsed ac Stark shifts monitored by Raman Ramsey fringes in sodium vapor

Nobuhito Hayashi, Ichiro Yoshida, Yoshitaka Hoshina, Masaharu Mitsunaga

Published Jul 19, 2013• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have employed Raman Ramsey fringes (RRFs) in sodium vapor to measure ac Stark shifts of the hyperfine levels by an off-resonant shift laser pulse. The ac Stark shifts are directly monitored by the RRF peak shifts and are proportional to the power and the pulse width and antiproportional to the detuning frequency of the shift laser. These findings endorse RRFs to be a strong tool for monitoring small pulsed perturbations.

DOI
10.1364/ol.38.002687

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We have employed Raman Ramsey fringes (RRFs) in sodium vapor to measure ac Stark shifts of the hyperfine levels by an off-resonant shift laser pulse. The ac Stark shifts are directly monitored by the RRF peak shifts and are proportional to the power and the pulse width and antiproportional to the detuning frequency of the shift laser. These findings endorse RRFs to be a strong tool for monitoring small pulsed perturbations.
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The ac Stark shift (also known as the ``light shift'') is one of the most important physical processes that arises in precision spectroscopy, affecting the basic understanding of field-matter interactions, measurements of fundamental constants, and even the atomic clocks onboard GPS satellites. Although the theory of the ac Stark shift was fully developed by the 1960s and 1970s, precision tests of theory have, for the most part, been few. Taking advantage of recent developments in atomic clock technology, specifically the pulsed approach to atomic signal generation, which allows frequency measurements with a resolution of $\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}15}$, we demonstrate a methodology for measuring the ac Stark shift. Here, we report results from a precision examination of the ac Stark shift in a vapor phase system, examining the resonant frequency of the 87Rb^{87}\text{Rb}87Rb 0-0 hyperfine transition for a perturbing laser tuned over a broad optical frequency range (18 GHz) around the D1{D}_{1}D1​ absorption resonance. Over the full frequency range the agreement between semiclassical theory and experiment is very good (better than $5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$), and in our experiments we test both the frequency dependence of the scalar and tensor components of the light shift.
We have measured the ac Stark effect in a two-zone stimulated Raman interaction in a sodium atomic beam. In addition, we have derived simple theoretical expressions for the ac Stark shift, based on a closed three-level system, in the Λ configuration, and have achieved qualitative agreement with the data. In particular, the magnitude and sense of the ac Stark shifts are found to depend on laser intensities as well as on the initial populations of the two low-lying levels of the Λ configuration. Specifically, the observed ac Stark shifts are smaller for larger laser intensities and also for smaller initial population differences between the two low-lying levels. The ac Stark effect must be considered for many potential applications of the Raman effect, such as a Raman clock. In this connection, we have identified conditions for the reduction of the ac Stark shift in our sodium Raman clock.