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Journal of Modern Optics

Squeezing in Multiphoton Absorption

Paulina Marian

Published Mar 1, 1990• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The conditions for obtaining squeezing by single-beam multiphoton absorption are examined. For an initial coherent light the amount of squeezing is calculated in the second order of interaction time using the master-equation formalism. A limit formula for the amount of squeezing is found in the case of an initial strong coherent beam. The results are compared with the exact numerical calculations and some remarks are made on the short-time approximation in multiphoton absorption.

DOI
10.1080/09500349014550351

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The conditions for obtaining squeezing by single-beam multiphoton absorption are examined. For an initial coherent light the amount of squeezing is calculated in the second order of interaction time using the master-equation formalism. A limit formula for the amount of squeezing is found in the case of an initial strong coherent beam. The results are compared with the exact numerical calculations and some remarks are made on the short-time approximation in multiphoton absorption.
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First, the effect of detuning on squeezing of coherent light is studied by Jaynes-Cummings model in a large N (initial mean photon number) limit. Analytical formulae for quadrature variances are obtained both in one-photon and two-photon transition cases. These formulae show that the effect is quite different in these two cases. In addition, explicit expressions for the k-th minimum of the suppressed variance are given when k is fairly large, which obviously shows it tends to zero according to 1/k2. Second, squeezing of coherent light field in a cavity by repeated interaction with atoms is studied. Numerical calculation shows the variance (delta) can be reduced by this process to a certain extent for suitably chosen interaction time t. But the squeezing becomes worse if the number of times K is too large. In the two-photon transition case, with a favorably chosen value of t, analytical formulae for (delta) (N, K) are obtained in large N approximation. These formulae show definitely that the least variance (delta) goes down when K increases up to quite a large value, and the achievable minimum value of (delta) 2 is in the order of 1/N1/2. Besides, the light field so obtained is nearly in a pure state with a minimum uncertainty product (delta) 1(delta) 2 equals 1/4.
Multiphoton interaction of single-mode squeezed-state light and a two-level atom is considered based on the K-photon Jaynes–Cummings model. Time evolution of quantum fluctuation and photon statistical properties of the initial squeezing light are discussed. It is found that through interaction with a two-level atom, larger squeezing levels cannot be achieved in one-photon or multiphoton processes. For photon antibunching behavior of the light field, it is shown that a smaller initial squeezing level and an appropriately larger coherent part of the initial average photon number of the radiation field favor the generation of this nonclassical behavior, especially in the lower-order interaction processes.
We study squeezing in electromagnetic field quadrature components, produced by a collection of A two-level atoms interacting with a single mode of a strong electromagnetic field. We present analytic results both for short and long interaction times. At short times, squeezing grows with the number of atoms for a given initial number of photons. The maximum squeezing which can be achieved in a strong-field case is 66%. At long interaction times, collective effects increase the quadrature fluctuations, compared to the single-atom case. However, for a given number of atoms A, any initial pure atomic state exhibits squeezing when the mean photon number of the initial coherent field satisfies the condition n-bar>(2A)4{)}^{4})4 . At times close to the first revival, strong squeezing can be achieved for special initial atomic conditions.
We study polarization squeezing of a light beam initially in the coherent state using the nonlinear interaction Hamiltonian [Formula: see text]. For the degree of polarization squeezing, we use a definition written in the final form by the authors and also used in earlier papers. We find that the polarization squeezing can be very high and the degree of polarization squeezing can be less than unity by a very small amount. We achieve the polarization squeezing even for very low beam intensity under some conditions involving phase angles in the polarization modes.