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Quantum Optics Journal of the European Optical Society Part B

Squeezing in multiphoton absorption with and without a resonator

Ulrike Herzog

Published Apr 1, 1993• 1 citation

Abstract

Squeezing in both intracavity and travelling-wave multiphoton absorption is investigated theoretically for incident intense nearly coherent light. It is shown that after sufficiently strong travelling-wave k-photon absorption (k=2,3...) a squeezed state of the radiation field is reached that is not a minimum uncertainty state. In this state the inphase and quadrature variances of the normalized electric field strength approach the asymptotic values k/(4(2k-1)) and k/4, respectively. With the help of an approximate Heisenberg picture treatment of a continuous mode field travelling through a broad-band k-photon absorber an analytical expression is obtained for the evolution of the squeezing spectrum in dependence on the degree of absorption. For intracavity multiphoton absorption the spectrum of output squeezing is investigated with the help of the usual Langevin equation approach. It turns out that the squeezing bandwidth in intracavity and travelling-wave multiphoton absorption is determined by the cavity bandwidth and the absorber linewidth, respectively.

DOI: 10.1088/0954-8998/5/2/005

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Squeezing in both intracavity and travelling-wave multiphoton absorption is investigated theoretically for incident intense nearly coherent light. It is shown that after sufficiently strong travelling-wave k-photon absorption (k=2,3...) a squeezed state of the radiation field is reached that is not a minimum uncertainty state. In this state the inphase and quadrature variances of the normalized electric field strength approach the asymptotic values k/(4(2k-1)) and k/4, respectively. With the help of an approximate Heisenberg picture treatment of a continuous mode field travelling through a broad-band k-photon absorber an analytical expression is obtained for the evolution of the squeezing spectrum in dependence on the degree of absorption. For intracavity multiphoton absorption the spectrum of output squeezing is investigated with the help of the usual Langevin equation approach. It turns out that the squeezing bandwidth in intracavity and travelling-wave multiphoton absorption is determined by the cavity bandwidth and the absorber linewidth, respectively.

The amplitude and phase noise spectra of the internal and external field of a microcavity are calculated using the quantum mechanical Langevin equations. We assume that two-photon absorber works inside a cavity, which brings photon-number squeezing in the internal field as well as the external field. The individual frequency components of the output field have strong squeezing at cavity resonance due to the interference between the input and the cavity field, which is similar to the quadrature squeezing in a parametric oscillator and the photon number squeezing in a saturated laser oscillator. However, the degree of the squeezing is not perfect becuase the material fluctuation remains.

We present a theoretical analysis of two-photon absorption of classical and squeezed light valid when one-photon absorption to an intermediate state is either resonant or far-detuned from resonance, and in both the low and high intensity regimes. In this paper we concentrate on continuous-wave excitation, although the approach we develop is more general. We calculate the energy removed from an incident field for typical experimental parameters and consider the limiting cases when the photon pairs are narrowband or broadband compared to the molecular linewidths. We find an enhancement of the two-photon absorption due to resonant contributions from the large squeezed light bandwidth and due to photon bunching in the low intensity regime. However, in both cases, for the parameters we choose, the one-photon absorption is the dominant process in the region of parameter space where a large enhancement of the two-photon absorption is possible.

We study the interaction of a three-level atom with a single mode field through multiphoton transition in a cavity, taking explicitly into account the existence of forms of nonlinearities of both the field and the intensity-dependent atom-field coupling. The analytical forms of the absorption spectrum is calculated using the dressed states of the system. The effects of photon multiplicities, mean photon number, detuning, Kerr-like medium, and the intensity-dependent coupling functional on the absorption spectrum are analyzed.

The behavior of short quantum light pulses propagating in dispersive and absorbing linear ground-state dielectrics is studied, with special emphasis on squeezed pulses. The analysis is based on normally ordered correlation functions of the electric-field strength, which are related to quantities at the entrance plane, on using quantum Langevin equations. Using nonmonochromatic-mode expansion and restricting attention to a single-mode pulse in a squeezed state, the influence on squeezing of the pulse propagation in the medium is discussed in both the time and frequency domains, and it is shown that the noise reduction observable in homodyne detection sensitively depends on the phase control used. Effects, such as squeezing enhancement associated with pulse compression and the destructive influence of the spectral shift caused by absorption, are demonstrated. The numerical results are supplemented by analytical estimations derived for narrow-bandwidth Gaussian pulses. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.

Squeezed states of light are theoretically investigated in a system with a locally placed two-photon absorption medium. We assume that the two-photon absorption process is caused by elementary excitations in the medium (such as biexcitons). Many eigenmodes of photons and those of the elementary excitations are taken into account because of the locality of the absorber. Multi-mode Wigner functions are defined and used for representation of the density operator of the electromagnetic field. The Wigner functions exhibit multi-variable Gaussian distribution and the quantum states of photons are multi-mode quadrature squeezed states. We also discuss effects on squeezing due to detuning of the incident light, the size of the medium, the position of a photo-detector, and damping rates of photons and the elementary excitations.

We study the interaction of a three‐level atom with a single mode field through multiphoton transition in a cavity, taking explicitly into account the existence of forms of nonlinearities of both the field and the intensity‐dependent atom‐field coupling. The analytical forms of the absorption spectrum is calculated using the dressed states of the system. The effects of photon multiplicities, mean photon number, detuning, Kerr‐like medium, and the intensity‐dependent coupling functional on the absorption spectrum are analyzed.