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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Nonradiative spontaneous decay of an excited atom near a carbon nanotube

Igor V. Bondarev, Gregory Ya. Slepyan, С. А. Максименко, Ph. Lambin

Published Oct 27, 2003• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Spontaneous decay process of an excited two-level atom placed inside or outside a single-wall carbon nanotube is analyzed for both weak and strong atom-radiation-field coupling regime. In the weak coupling regime, the effect of the nanotube surface has been demonstrated to dramatically increase the spontaneous decay rate -- by 4 to 5 orders of magnitude compared with that of the same atom in vacuum. Such an increase is associated with the nonradiative decay via surface quasiparticle excitations in the nanotube. In the strong coupling regime, the decay of the upper atomic state proceeds via damped Rabi oscillations with the frequency assigned by the density of final photonic states of the system. Possible applications of the effect predicted are discussed.

DOI
10.1117/12.505030

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Spontaneous decay process of an excited two-level atom placed inside or outside a single-wall carbon nanotube is analyzed for both weak and strong atom-radiation-field coupling regime. In the weak coupling regime, the effect of the nanotube surface has been demonstrated to dramatically increase the spontaneous decay rate -- by 4 to 5 orders of magnitude compared with that of the same atom in vacuum. Such an increase is associated with the nonradiative decay via surface quasiparticle excitations in the nanotube. In the strong coupling regime, the decay of the upper atomic state proceeds via damped Rabi oscillations with the frequency assigned by the density of final photonic states of the system. Possible applications of the effect predicted are discussed.
A theory of the spontaneous decay process of an excited atom placed inside or outside (near the surface) of a carbon nanotube has been developed. Numerical calculations of the atomic spontaneous decay enhancement factor have been performed for various achiral nanotubes. The effect of the nanotube surface has been demonstrated to dramatically increase the spontaneous decay rate—by 6–7 orders of magnitude—compared with that of the same atom in a vacuum. Such an increase is associated with nonradiative decay via surface excitations in the nanotube. Possible applications of the predicted effect are discussed.
We report a strictly nonexponential spontaneous decay dynamics of an excited two-level atom placed inside or at different distances outside a carbon nanotube (CN). This is the result of strong non-Markovian memory effects arising from the rapid variation of the photonic density of states with frequency near the CN. The system exhibits vacuum-field Rabi oscillations, a principal signature of strong atom-vacuum-field coupling, when the atom is close enough to the nanotube surface and the atomic transition frequency is in the vicinity of the resonance of the photonic density of states. Caused by decreasing the atom-field coupling strength, the nonexponential decay dynamics gives place to the exponential one if the atom moves away from the CN surface. Thus, atom-field coupling and the character of the spontaneous decay dynamics, respectively, may be controlled by changing the distance between the atom and CN surface by means of a proper preparation of atomically doped CNs. This opens routes for new challenging nanophotonics applications of atomically doped CN systems as various sources of coherent light emitted by dopant atoms.
Quantum electrodynamics theory of the resonance Raman scattering is developed for an atom in a close proximity to a carbon nanotube. The theory predicts a dramatic enhancement of the Raman intensity in the strong atomic coupling regime to nanotube plasmon near-fields. This resonance scattering is a manifestation of the general electromagnetic surface enhanced Raman scattering effect, and can be used in designing efficient nanotube based optical sensing substrates for single atom detection, precision spontaneous emission control, and manipulation.
Spontaneous decay of an excited atom near a dispersing and absorbing microsphere of given complex permittivity that satisfies the Kramers-Kronig relations is studied, with special emphasis on a Drude-Lorentz permittivity. Both the whispering gallery field resonances below the band gap (for a dielectric sphere) and the surface-guided field resonances inside the gap (for a dielectric or a metallic sphere) are considered. Since the decay rate mimics the spectral density of the sphere-assisted ground-state fluctuation of the radiation field, the strengths and widths of the field resonances essentially determine the feasible enhancement of spontaneous decay. In particular, strong enhancement can be observed for transition frequencies within the interval in which the surface-guided field resonances strongly overlap. When material absorption becomes significant, then the highly structured emission pattern that can be observed when radiative losses dominate, reduces to that of a strongly absorbing mirror. Accordingly, nonradiative decay becomes dominant. In particular, if the distance between the atom and the surface of the microsphere is small enough, the decay becomes purely nonradiative.