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Physical Review A

Laser-induced transparency and dark-line effects caused by three-wave mixing in atomic systems

Seyed M. Sadeghi, Jochen Meyer, H. Rastegar

Published Oct 1, 1997• 22 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study laser-induced transparency and dark-line effects in a two-level atomic system where the upper transition level is coupled by a laser field to a dressed system consisting of two lower-energy metastable states mixed by a second laser field (\ensuremath{\Pi} configuration). We show that the emission (absorption) spectrum of the two-level system develops two dynamic dark lines (transparency holes) with tunable central frequencies equal to the Rabi frequency of the second field with positive and negative signs, and widths proportional to that of the first field. The detailed evolution of these effects at low- and high-field intensities and the role of quantum interferences are discussed by presenting a model based on laser-induced continuum structure and adopting a dressed-state picture. We discuss various nonlinear processes in this system and show how the dynamics of emission and absorption spectra are determined by one- and two-photon coupling processes.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.56.3097

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We study laser-induced transparency and dark-line effects in a two-level atomic system where the upper transition level is coupled by a laser field to a dressed system consisting of two lower-energy metastable states mixed by a second laser field (\ensuremath{\Pi} configuration). We show that the emission (absorption) spectrum of the two-level system develops two dynamic dark lines (transparency holes) with tunable central frequencies equal to the Rabi frequency of the second field with positive and negative signs, and widths proportional to that of the first field. The detailed evolution of these effects at low- and high-field intensities and the role of quantum interferences are discussed by presenting a model based on laser-induced continuum structure and adopting a dressed-state picture. We discuss various nonlinear processes in this system and show how the dynamics of emission and absorption spectra are determined by one- and two-photon coupling processes.
We study the generation of an ultranarrow gain spectrum in an atomic transition when the upper transition level is coupled to the lower transition level by one laser and to a metastable state by another laser. It is shown that this spectrum switches abruptly into an ultranarrow absorption line with an increase in the first laser intensity. These results are explained by investigating the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a system where the upper transition level is coupled to two metastable states by two laser fields (K system). We discuss various features of such a transparency and show how it can be described as a structuring process, similar to the laser-induced continuum structure. Utilizing such a description of EIT, we explain the ultranarrow gain generation as a stimulated Rayleigh scattering process.
One-photon coupling of the upper level of an atomic transition to a metastable state can generate a dark line in the atom's emission spectrum. We show in this paper that if such a coupling is replaced by a dominant two-photon coupling, the spectrum is dynamically narrowed instead. The dominant two-photon coupling is achieved here by coupling these two levels to a common broad intermediate state using two laser fields. We also show that if one exchanges the metastable state with the broad one in this system, the one-photon coupling of all coupled states becomes dominant, causing the generation of a dynamically damped dark line effect. We explain these effects in terms of constructive and destructive quantum interferences between a direct and a three-photon Ramam path in the former case, and between a direct and a two-photon Raman path in the latter case. Additionally, we show how these interfering paths provide elements of coherent control of the atomic emission spectra, in general.
We have calculated the excitation spectra of a single electron in the excited state of a three-level atom interacting with two off-resonant laser fields at high intensities. We have also considered the process where one laser photon is absorbed by the ground state, as well as a Raman-type process where one photon of one of the laser fields is emitted while another photon of the other laser field is absorbed simultaneously by the second excited state of the atom. The net excitation spectra of the three processes in question consist of two peaks having always positive intensities indicating induced absorption (attenuation) and a third peak which has positive, zero and negative intensities for values of the Rabi frequencies , and , respectively. When , the Raman-type process prevails over the other two, and the resulting peak has a negative intensity indicating that significant amplification is likely to occur at the corresponding frequency.
We consider the interference spectra arising from the competition between a spontaneous process and two processes induced by two laser fields, which are coupled with a three-level atom in the "Λ" configuration. In the low-intensity limit of both laser fields and on two-photon resonance, the frequency profiles of the two peaks, which arise from the spontaneous and induced processes, cancel each other out completely at the center of the line for zero detuning and at the finite values of the detuning as well. At high intensities of the laser fields and on two-photon resonance, the dynamic Stark effect dominates the spectra of the excited state of the atom. Expressions for the interference spectra and correlation functions are derived, which describe the physical process of the absorption of a laser photon at two different times by the ground state of the atom. Interference spectra and correlation functions are calculated for the two-photon off-resonance and for the proces of the absorption of a photon by the ground state of the atom. In this case, the intensities of the frequency dips take negative values indicating that stimulated emission prevails for certain values of the detunings. Using values for the parameters involved close to those for Ba+, the computed two-photon resonance and off-resonance spectra are graphically presented and discussed.
We present a theoretical treatment for the complete dynamics process of three-photon electromagnetically induced absorption (TPEIA). The nested-cascade doubly dressed TPEIA is considered when two counterpropagating coupling fields are tuned to the upper line in a closed-cycle ladder-type three-level atomic system. The enhancement or suppression of the TPEIA signal relies on the constructive interference between the excitation pathways of doubly dressed states, which can be controlled by changing the intensity of the coupling field. Meanwhile, two symmetrical transparency frequency windows are observed and discussed. The theoretical results and dressed-state analysis are demonstrated experimentally in the 5 S 1 / 2 ( F = 2 ) − 5 P 3 / 2 ( F ′ = 3 ) − 5 D 5 / 2 ( F ′ ′ = 4 ) transition of the 87 R b atoms.
The author has considered the interference spectra arising from the competition between absorption and stimulated emission processes, which have been induced by two laser fields operating at a two-photon resonance with a three-level atom in the ' Lambda ' configuration. In the low intensity limit of both laser fields, the induced spectrum in the ground state consists mainly of a peak, whose height and asymmetry depend strongly on the value of the detuning of the laser fields. In the absence of detuning, the height of the induced peak takes positive values implying that the physical process of absorption (attenuation) takes place, while at finite detunings the height of the peak becomes negative indicating the frequencies at which stimulated emission (amplification) is likely to occur. The spectra arising from the emission of a laser photon by the excited state consist of two peaks describing stimulated emission and induced absorption, respectively, where the former dominates the latter for small values of the Rabi frequencies but for higher ones, cancel each other out.