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Physical Review Letters

Inhibition and Enhancement of Two Photon Absorption

G. S. Agarwal, Harshawardhan Wanare

Published Aug 5, 1996• 193 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The possibility of transparency against two photon absorption is predicted. Detailed absorption profiles under different conditions of the control laser are given. A novel explanation of the absorption minimum is given in terms of the two photon Fermi golden rule and the dressed states. Possibility of considerable enhancement of two photon absorption even in the presence of Doppler broadening is demonstrated.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.77.1039

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The possibility of transparency against two photon absorption is predicted. Detailed absorption profiles under different conditions of the control laser are given. A novel explanation of the absorption minimum is given in terms of the two photon Fermi golden rule and the dressed states. Possibility of considerable enhancement of two photon absorption even in the presence of Doppler broadening is demonstrated.
It is shown that conventional one-photon and two-photon absorption processes can be made subject to nonlinear optical control, in each case significantly modifying the efficiency of absorption, through the effect of a secondary, off-resonant stimulus laser beam. The mechanistic origin of these laser-modified absorption processes, in which the stimulus beam emerges unchanged, is traced to higher-order terms in standard perturbation treatments. These normally insignificant terms become unusually prominent when the secondary optical stimulus is moderately intense. Employing a quantum formulation, the effects of the stimulus beam on one-photon and two-photon absorption are analyzed, and calculations are performed to determine the degree of absorption enhancement, and the form of spectral manifestation, under various laser intensities. The implications of differences in selection rules are also considered and exemplified, leading to the identification of dark states that can be populated as a result of laser-modified absorption. Attention is also drawn to the possibility of quantum nondemolition measurements, based on such a form of optical nonlinearity.
In this experimental work, we address the issue of the control of two-photon absorption in a Doppler broadened medium of Rb85 atoms under the ladder level coupling 5S1/2→5P3/2→5D3/2. Here, suppression and enhancement of two-photon absorption are executed by applying an auxiliary laser beam, which is not physically propagating in the same line of the pump-probe combination. Instead, the auxiliary beam, which is in resonance with the Rb85 D2 transition, is at a finite distance from the line of propagation of the pump-probe combination. The resonant auxiliary beam produces an atomic beam in the vapor cell, and when it reaches the pump-probe path, it creates an asymmetry in the population of ground state hyperfine components. This asymmetry is responsible for controlling two-photon absorption. We present here results obtained by us along with a qualitative explanation of the physical principles behind the control mechanism.
Summary form only given. It is well known that two-photon absorption can be greatly enhanced whenever a single photon energy approaches an allowed atomic transition. If more than one intermediate state exists, the two-photon absorption can be annihilated depending on the location of the intermediate states. In case there is only one intermediate state, a control laser can be applied to couple the intermediate state with other state to create two dressed states. Then, the medium can be made transparent against two-photon absorption in the presence of multiple pathways. We report the first observation of electromagnetically induced two-photon absorption reduction in sodium vapor.
The two-photon absorption by a pair of two-level atoms interacting with an incident field is examined. If the laser field is weak, then the existence of the dipole-dipole interaction-induced two-photon resonance follows from the higher-order Fermi golden rule. The effects of spontaneous emission and intense fields on the dipole-dipole interaction-induced two-photon resonance is studied using density-matrix methods. The presence of an intense field is shown to result in a significant enhancement of the two-photon resonance. Numerical results for the probability of simultaneous excitation of two atoms, for the atomic correlations, and for the radiated field intensity are presented.