Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Triple-resonance method for the detection of hyperfine transitions in heavy-alkali metals

Juan Antonio Vallés, J M Alvarez

Published Feb 28, 1998• 1 citation

Abstract

The triple-resonance method for the detection of hyperfine transitions in heavy-alkali metals is studied theoretically. The evolution equations of the reduced fictitious tensorial components of the dressed-atom density matrix in an extended fictitious formalism are determined and solved for the stationary state. Illustrative numerical examples of dressed-caesium are included. Previously unexplained triple-resonance experiments on rubidium and caesium are interpreted in detail.

DOI: 10.1088/0953-4075/31/4/016

Related papers

Relaxation and generation of hyperfine coherences in an optically pumped heavy-alkali-metal vapor undergoing double-resonance excitation

Juan Antonio Vallés, J. M. Alvarez

Physical Review AJul 1, 19964 citations

Operator treatment of RF multiple-quantum transitions

E. Arimondo, G. Moruzzi

Journal of Physics B Atomic and Molecular PhysicsApr 1, 19766 citations

Hyperfine Paschen–Back regime in alkali metal atoms: consistency of two theoretical considerations and experiment

Armen D. Sargsyan, G. Hakhumyan, Claude Leroy +4 more

arXiv:1309.5775Journal of the Optical Society of America BApr 8, 201443 citations

Microwave spectroscopy of radio-frequency-dressed Rb87

G. Sinuco-León, B. M. Garraway, Hèctor Mas +8 more

arXiv:1904.12073Physical Review ANov 22, 201916 citations

Production of Atomic Alkali-Metal Beams in Single Hyperfine Sublevels

W. Dreves, H.J. Jänsch, Edmund Koch +1 more

Physical Review LettersMay 30, 198350 citations

Polarization spectroscopy in rubidium and cesium

Margaret Harris, Charles S. Adams, Simon L. Cornish +3 more

arXiv:physics/0509157Physical Review AJun 29, 2006155 citations

Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Triple-resonance method for the detection of hyperfine transitions in heavy-alkali metals

Juan Antonio Vallés, J M Alvarez

Published Feb 28, 1998• 1 citation

Publisher

Abstract

DOI: 10.1088/0953-4075/31/4/016

Related papers

Relaxation and generation of hyperfine coherences in an optically pumped heavy-alkali-metal vapor undergoing double-resonance excitation

Juan Antonio Vallés, J. M. Alvarez

An extension of a theory of the relaxation, generation, and detection of Zeeman components in the presence of a weak static magnetic field to experiments where hyperfine coherences are also involved is presented. Our study focuses on the geometrical aspects of the optical-microwave double-resonance experiments without considering the transition-profile related phenomena. We determine the coupled evolution equations of the Zeeman and hyperfine components of the atomic density matrix in the irreducible formalism and calculate the stationary solutions to these equations. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.An extension of a theory of the relaxation, generation, and detection of Zeeman components in the presence of a weak static magnetic field to experiments where hyperfine coherences are also involved is presented. Our study focuses on the geometrical aspects of the optical-microwave double-resonance experiments without considering the transition-profile related phenomena. We determine the coupled evolution equations of the Zeeman and hyperfine components of the atomic density matrix in the irreducible formalism and calculate the stationary solutions to these equations. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.

Physical Review AJul 1, 19964 citations

Operator treatment of RF multiple-quantum transitions

E. Arimondo, G. Moruzzi

A set of operators, which act on the eigenstates of the atomic Hamiltonian in the presence of a partial I-J decoupling in a way analogous to the way the usual irreducible tensor operators act on the eigenstates of the total angular momentum, is introduced. Starting from these operators a set of operators, analogous to Haroche's pseudotensor operators, is obtained for the dressed-atom Hilbert space. They are thus particularly suitable to the theoretical treatment of the Delta m F >1 multiple quantum transitions within the Zeeman levels of a hyperfine state of an alkali atom. As an example, this treatment is applied to a system having a 'fictitious' spin F=1, and it is shown that the contribution of the single and multiple quantum transitions to the multipole components of the dressed-atom density matrix is separated.A set of operators, which act on the eigenstates of the atomic Hamiltonian in the presence of a partial I-J decoupling in a way analogous to the way the usual irreducible tensor operators act on the eigenstates of the total angular momentum, is introduced. Starting from these operators a set of operators, analogous to Haroche's pseudotensor operators, is obtained for the dressed-atom Hilbert space. They are thus particularly suitable to the theoretical treatment of the Delta m F >1 multiple quantum transitions within the Zeeman levels of a hyperfine state of an alkali atom. As an example, this treatment is applied to a system having a 'fictitious' spin F=1, and it is shown that the contribution of the single and multiple quantum transitions to the multipole components of the dressed-atom density matrix is separated.

Journal of Physics B Atomic and Molecular PhysicsApr 1, 19766 citations

Hyperfine Paschen–Back regime in alkali metal atoms: consistency of two theoretical considerations and experiment

Armen D. Sargsyan, G. Hakhumyan, Claude Leroy +4 more

Simple and efficient λ-method and λ/2-method (λ is the resonant wavelength of laser radiation) based on a nanometric-thickness cell filled with rubidium (Rb) are implemented to study the splitting of hyperfine transitions of an Rb85 and Rb87D1 line in an external magnetic field in the range of B=0.5–0.7 T. It is experimentally demonstrated from 20 (12) Zeeman transitions allowed at low B-field in Rb85 (Rb87) spectra in the case of σ+ polarized laser radiation, only 6 (4) remain at B>0.5 T, caused by decoupling of the total electronic momentum J and the nuclear spin momentum I (hyperfine Paschen–Back regime). The expressions derived in the frame of completely uncoupled basis (J,mJ;I,mI) describe the experimental results extremely well for Rb85 transitions at B>0.6 T (that is a manifestation of hyperfine Paschen–Back regime). A remarkable result is that the calculations based on the eigenstates of the coupled (F,mF) basis, which adequately describe the system for a low magnetic field, also predict reduction of the number of transition components from 20 to 6 for Rb85 and from 12 to 4 for Rb87 spectrum at B>0.5 T. Also, the Zeeman transition frequency shifts, frequency intervals between the components and their slope versus B, are in agreement with the experiment.Simple and efficient λ-method and λ/2-method (λ is the resonant wavelength of laser radiation) based on a nanometric-thickness cell filled with rubidium (Rb) are implemented to study the splitting of hyperfine transitions of an Rb85 and Rb87D1 line in an external magnetic field in the range of B=0.5–0.7 T. It is experimentally demonstrated from 20 (12) Zeeman transitions allowed at low B-field in Rb85 (Rb87) spectra in the case of σ+ polarized laser radiation, only 6 (4) remain at B>0.5 T, caused by decoupling of the total electronic momentum J and the nuclear spin momentum I (hyperfine Paschen–Back regime). The expressions derived in the frame of completely uncoupled basis (J,mJ;I,mI) describe the experimental results extremely well for Rb85 transitions at B>0.6 T (that is a manifestation of hyperfine Paschen–Back regime). A remarkable result is that the calculations based on the eigenstates of the coupled (F,mF) basis, which adequately describe the system for a low magnetic field, also predict reduction of the number of transition components from 20 to 6 for Rb85 and from 12 to 4 for Rb87 spectrum at B>0.5 T. Also, the Zeeman transition frequency shifts, frequency intervals between the components and their slope versus B, are in agreement with the experiment.

arXiv:1309.5775Journal of the Optical Society of America BApr 8, 201443 citations

Microwave spectroscopy of radio-frequency-dressed Rb87

G. Sinuco-León, B. M. Garraway, Hèctor Mas +8 more

We study the hyperfine spectrum of atoms of $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ dressed by a radio-frequency field and present experimental results in three different situations: freely falling atoms, atoms trapped in an optical dipole trap, and atoms in an adiabatic radio-frequency dressed shell trap. In all cases, we observe several resonant sidebands spaced (in frequency) at intervals equal to the dressing frequency, corresponding to transitions enabled by the dressing field. We theoretically explain the main features of the microwave spectrum using a semiclassical model in the low-field limit and the rotating-wave approximation for alkali-metal-like species, in general, and $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ atoms, in particular. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate how the spectral signal of a dressed atomic ensemble enables an accurate determination of the dressing configuration and the probing microwave field.We study the hyperfine spectrum of atoms of $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ dressed by a radio-frequency field and present experimental results in three different situations: freely falling atoms, atoms trapped in an optical dipole trap, and atoms in an adiabatic radio-frequency dressed shell trap. In all cases, we observe several resonant sidebands spaced (in frequency) at intervals equal to the dressing frequency, corresponding to transitions enabled by the dressing field. We theoretically explain the main features of the microwave spectrum using a semiclassical model in the low-field limit and the rotating-wave approximation for alkali-metal-like species, in general, and $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ atoms, in particular. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate how the spectral signal of a dressed atomic ensemble enables an accurate determination of the dressing configuration and the probing microwave field.

arXiv:1904.12073Physical Review ANov 22, 201916 citations

Production of Atomic Alkali-Metal Beams in Single Hyperfine Sublevels

W. Dreves, H.J. Jänsch, Edmund Koch +1 more

A compact source which produces atomic alkali-metal beams in individual hyperfine sublevels has been developed. The methods are demonstrated with $^{23}\mathrm{Na}$ atoms. Initially nearly all atoms are transferred into one hyperfine sublevel ( $|F, {m}_{F}〉=|2, 2〉$ ) by a double-resonance technique using laser optical pumping and rf transitions. Subsequently the other hyperfine sublevels can be populated selectively by an adiabatic high-frequency transition. The hyperfine sublevel populations are determined by laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy in a magnetic field.A compact source which produces atomic alkali-metal beams in individual hyperfine sublevels has been developed. The methods are demonstrated with $^{23}\mathrm{Na}$ atoms. Initially nearly all atoms are transferred into one hyperfine sublevel ($|F, {m}_{F}〉=|2, 2〉$) by a double-resonance technique using laser optical pumping and rf transitions. Subsequently the other hyperfine sublevels can be populated selectively by an adiabatic high-frequency transition. The hyperfine sublevel populations are determined by laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy in a magnetic field.

Physical Review LettersMay 30, 198350 citations

Polarization spectroscopy in rubidium and cesium

Margaret Harris, Charles S. Adams, Simon L. Cornish +3 more

We develop a theoretical treatment of polarization spectroscopy and use it to make predictions about the general form of polarization spectra in the alkali-metal atoms. Using our model, we generate theoretical spectra for the $D2$ transitions in $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ , $^{85}\mathrm{Rb}$ , and $^{133}\mathrm{Cs}$ . Experiments demonstrate that the model accurately reproduces spectra of transitions from the upper hyperfine level of the ground state only. Among these, the closed transition $F\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=F+1$ dominates, with a steep gradient through line center ideally suited for use as a reference in laser locking.We develop a theoretical treatment of polarization spectroscopy and use it to make predictions about the general form of polarization spectra in the alkali-metal atoms. Using our model, we generate theoretical spectra for the $D2$ transitions in $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$, $^{85}\mathrm{Rb}$, and $^{133}\mathrm{Cs}$. Experiments demonstrate that the model accurately reproduces spectra of transitions from the upper hyperfine level of the ground state only. Among these, the closed transition $F\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=F+1$ dominates, with a steep gradient through line center ideally suited for use as a reference in laser locking.

arXiv:physics/0509157Physical Review AJun 29, 2006155 citations

We study the hyperfine spectrum of atoms of

^{87}\mathrm{Rb}

dressed by a radio-frequency field and present experimental results in three different situations: freely falling atoms, atoms trapped in an optical dipole trap, and atoms in an adiabatic radio-frequency dressed shell trap. In all cases, we observe several resonant sidebands spaced (in frequency) at intervals equal to the dressing frequency, corresponding to transitions enabled by the dressing field. We theoretically explain the main features of the microwave spectrum using a semiclassical model in the low-field limit and the rotating-wave approximation for alkali-metal-like species, in general, and

^{87}\mathrm{Rb}

atoms, in particular. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate how the spectral signal of a dressed atomic ensemble enables an accurate determination of the dressing configuration and the probing microwave field.

A compact source which produces atomic alkali-metal beams in individual hyperfine sublevels has been developed. The methods are demonstrated with

^{23}\mathrm{Na}

atoms. Initially nearly all atoms are transferred into one hyperfine sublevel (

|F, {m}_{F}〉=|2, 2〉

) by a double-resonance technique using laser optical pumping and rf transitions. Subsequently the other hyperfine sublevels can be populated selectively by an adiabatic high-frequency transition. The hyperfine sublevel populations are determined by laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy in a magnetic field.

D2

transitions in

^{87}\mathrm{Rb}

^{85}\mathrm{Rb}

, and

^{133}\mathrm{Cs}

. Experiments demonstrate that the model accurately reproduces spectra of transitions from the upper hyperfine level of the ground state only. Among these, the closed transition $F\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=F+1$ dominates, with a steep gradient through line center ideally suited for use as a reference in laser locking.