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Journal of Physics Conference Series

Investigation of device imperfection influence on measurement results in beamsplitter-based quantum random number generation schemes

A. E. Ivanova, Sergey A. Chivilikhin, V. I. Egorov, Artur V. Gleim

Published Oct 27, 2014• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum random number generation allows acquiring true random numbers which can be used in applications that require a high degree of randomness. This paper assesses the influence of non-ideal scheme parameters on measurement results in two quantum random number generation schemes: based on laser radiation splitting, and using vacuum fluctuations.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/541/1/012059

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Quantum random number generation allows acquiring true random numbers which can be used in applications that require a high degree of randomness. This paper assesses the influence of non-ideal scheme parameters on measurement results in two quantum random number generation schemes: based on laser radiation splitting, and using vacuum fluctuations.
Quantum random number generators based on vacuum fluctuations produce truly random numbers that can be used for applications are requiring a high degree of randomness.A beam splitter with two inputs and two outputs is normally used in these systems.In this paper, mathematical descriptions were obtained for the use of such beam splitter and fiber Y-splitter in quantum random number generation systems with homodyne detection.We derived equations which allowed us to estimate the impact of the scheme parameters' imperfection upon measurement results.We also obtained mathematical expressions, demonstrating the equivalence of quantum descriptions for a Y-splitter and a beam splitter with two inputs.
Quantum random number generation allows the obtaining of true random numbers that can be used for applications (e.g.,a cryptography) requiring a high degree of randomness.In this paper, we give a mathematical description of a quantum random number generation system using homodyne detection.As a result of the theoretical research, we obtained the description of the relationship between beam splitter input radiation and differential current on detectors after beam splitting.We derived equations allowing one to estimate the scheme parameters imperfection impact on measurement results.We also obtained mathematical expressions, demonstrating the equivalence of quantum description of Y-splitter and beam splitter with two inputs, which allows the use Y-splitter for the implementation of quantum random number generation systems based on vacuum quantum fluctuations.
Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) are currently in high demand across a large number of cryptographic applications as secure sources of true randomness. In this work, we characterize the conditions from which randomness can be extracted in a QRNG based on homodyne measurements of vacuum fluctuations by assessing the impact of experimental limitations, such as the digitizer resolution or the presence of excess local oscillator (LO) noise due to an unbalanced detection. Moreover, we propose an estimation method to quantify the excess entropy contribution introduced by an unbalanced detection and analyze the implementation of the post-processing algorithm. Finally, we submitted the generated numbers to a set of statistical tests to assess the quality of its output randomness and verified that it passes the standard libraries.
A quantum random number generator (QRNG) based on the quantum nature of vacuum fluctuations allows one to obtain random bit sequences that can be used in applications that require a high degree of randomness.In that type of quantum random generation system, optical beam splitters with two inputs and two outputs are normally used.A comparison of Y-splitter and spatial beam splitters shows that for two types of optical splitters, the quantum mathematical description of output signals is identical.This allows the use of fiber Y-splitters in practical QRNG schemes.The possibility of generating true random bits was demonstrated experimentally by using quantum random number generator based on homodyne detection.
Quantum random numbers generators (QRNGs) rely on quantum systems to produce sequences of random numbers with an overall lower level of predictability than classical algorithmic systems. Over the past two decades, phase randomizations of coherent sources from quantum spontaneous emission effects have gained a lot of interest due to their operational simplicity, cost-contained components, and ability to generate random numbers at high rates. However, many QRNGs require optimal calibration and alignment to ensure efficient and effective random-number generation. This work demonstrates a detailed analysis of a heterodyne measurement based QRNG, which implements phase randomization from two independent laser sources. The analysis also quantifies the effects of setup misalignments using the Kullback-Leibler divergence as a benchmark to assess the limiting conditions of secure random-number generation.