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Physica E Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures

Indirect quantum measurement of a single quantum spin

Lev N. Bulaevskii, Gerardo Ortíz

Published Mar 25, 2003• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/s1386-9477(02)01071-8

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We propose a method of measuring quantum superposition states of a single spin with a superconducting resonator. Following the von Neumann's postulate of the reduction, it seems that we cannot obtain more information about the superposition states other than the eigenvalue by a single observation. However, the indirect quantum measurement has the possibility to measure the ratio of components of the superposition states by transferring the coherence of the spin to high energy macroscopic states of a superconducting harmonic resonator. This transfer enables quantum amplification of the coherence, and the maximum amplitude of the induced current is approximately proportional to the square root of the number of quanta in the initial states. In this work we also discuss the cases containing more than one spin and classical mixed states.
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Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond are sensitive probes of time-varying magnetic fields that can be used to identify unknown spin defects in their nearby environment. Performing spectral quantum measurements on such single quantum probes enables gaining information about the internal structure and dynamics of nearby spin defects that would otherwise be inaccessible through direct or indirect measurements with classical probes. Here, we identify a system composed of two electron-nuclear spin defects in a diamond crystal by performing a series of spectral identification measurements using a single nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond. Besides enabling the identification of new spin defects and studies of their formation mechanisms, these techniques will be useful for scaling up quantum systems by converting environmental spin defects into quantum resources.