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Frontiers in Optics

Generation of a Spatial Superposition of a Single Atom Using a Multi-Trap System

Síle Nic Chormaic, Thomas Busch, Kieran Deasy, Yueping Niu, Shangqing Gong, Shiqi Jin

Published Jan 1, 2006• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present an atom optics analogue to the generation of a superposition of atomic states using a STIRAP type process with a twofold final state. We show that two orthogonal superposition states can be created.
DOI
10.1364/ls.2006.ltuk5

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One of the most important characteristics for controlling processes on the quantum scale is the fidelity or robustness of the techniques being used. In the case of single atoms localized in micro-traps, it was recently shown that the use of time-dependent tunnelling interactions in a multi-trap setup can be viewed as analogous to the area of multi-level optics. The atom's centre-of-mass can then be controlled with a high fidelity, using a STIRAP-type process. Here, we review previous work that led to the development of multi-level atom optics and present two examples of our most recent work on quantum state preparation.
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We discuss a simple scheme for preparing atoms and molecules in an arbitrary preselected coherent superposition of quantum states. The technique, which we call fractional stimulated Raman adiabatic passage ({\it f-STIRAP}), is based upon (incomplete) adiabatic population transfer between an initial state ψ1ψ_1ψ1​ and state ψ3ψ_3ψ3​ through an intermediate state ψ2ψ_2ψ2​. As in STIRAP, the Stokes pulse arrives before the pump pulse, but unlike STIRAP, the two pulses terminate simultaneously while maintaining a constant ratio of amplitudes. The independence of f-STIRAP from details of pulse shape and pulse area makes it the analog of conventional STIRAP in the creation of coherent superpositions of states. We suggest a smooth realization of f-STIRAP which requires only two laser pulses (which can be derived from a single laser) and at the same time ensures the automatic fulfillment of the asymptotic conditions at early and late times. Furthermore, we provide simple analytic estimates of the robustness of f-STIRAP against variations in the pulse intensity, the pulse delay, and the intermediate-state detuning, and discuss its possible extension to multistate systems.
We propose a scheme for creating atomic coherent superpositions via stimulated Raman adiabatic passage in a Lambda-type system where the final state has twofold levels. In the employ of a control field, the presence of double dark states leads to two arbitrary coherent superposition states with equal amplitude but inverse relative phase without the condition of multi-photon resonance. In particular, two orthogonal maximal coherent superposition states are created when the control field is resonant with the transition of the twofold levels. This scheme can also be extended to manifold Lambda-type systems.