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Journal of Physics Conference Series

Quantum state preparation using multi-level-atom optics

Thomas Busch, Kieran Deasy, Síle Nic Chormaic

Published Oct 1, 2007• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

One of the most important characteristics for controlling processes on the quantum scale is the fidelity or robustness of the techniques being used. In the case of single atoms localized in micro-traps, it was recently shown that the use of time-dependent tunnelling interactions in a multi-trap setup can be viewed as analogous to the area of multi-level optics. The atom's centre-of-mass can then be controlled with a high fidelity, using a STIRAP-type process. Here, we review previous work that led to the development of multi-level atom optics and present two examples of our most recent work on quantum state preparation.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/84/1/012002

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One of the most important characteristics for controlling processes on the quantum scale is the fidelity or robustness of the techniques being used. In the case of single atoms localized in micro-traps, it was recently shown that the use of time-dependent tunnelling interactions in a multi-trap setup can be viewed as analogous to the area of multi-level optics. The atom's centre-of-mass can then be controlled with a high fidelity, using a STIRAP-type process. Here, we review previous work that led to the development of multi-level atom optics and present two examples of our most recent work on quantum state preparation.
Precision metrology and quantum measurement often demand that matter be prepared in well-defined quantum states for both internal and external degrees of freedom. Laser-cooled neutral atoms localized in a deeply confining optical potential satisfy this requirement. With an appropriate choice of wavelength and polarization for the optical trap, two electronic states of an atom can experience the same trapping potential, permitting coherent control of electronic transitions independent of the atomic center-of-mass motion. Here, we review a number of recent experiments that use this approach to investigate precision quantum metrology for optical atomic clocks and coherent control of optical interactions of single atoms and photons within the context of cavity quantum electrodynamics. We also provide a brief survey of promising prospects for future work.
Coherent transport by adiabatic passage has recently been suggested as a high-fidelity technique to engineer the center-of-mass state of single atoms in inhomogeneous environments. While the basic theory behind this process is well understood, several conceptual challenges for its experimental observation have still to be addressed. One of these is the difficulty that currently available optical or magnetic micro-trap systems have in adjusting the tunneling rate time dependently while keeping resonance between the asymptotic trapping states at all times. Here we suggest that both requirements can be fulfilled to a very high degree in an experimentally realistic setup based on radio-frequency traps on atom chips. We show that operations with close to 100100%100 fidelity can be achieved and that these systems also allow significant improvements for performing adiabatic passage with interacting atomic clouds.
Summary form only given. The development of methods to manipulate and measure the quantum mechanical state of a physical system represents one of the great challenges of modern science. Examples of systems in which quantum control is sought or has been accomplished include trapped atomic ions, the electromagnetic field, Rydberg electrons, nuclear spins and vibrations in molecules, and chemical reactions. For many years a paradigm for quantum coherent evolution has been the occurrence of tunneling in macroscopic and mesoscopic double-well potentials. Much theoretical work has been done on this model system, but a series of fundamental questions remain to be addressed in well-controlled experiments, notably whether coherent evolution can be enforced in the presence of a noisy environment, by suitable perturbations of the state of the tunneling particle. The challenge is to find simple physical systems, which can be made to interact with a well characterized environment in a controlled manner.