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arXiv:1103.2339 · Physical Review A

Coherent adiabatic transport of atoms in radio-frequency traps

Tadhg Morgan, Brian O’Sullivan, Thomas Busch

Published May 19, 2011• 18 citations
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Abstract

Coherent transport by adiabatic passage has recently been suggested as a high-fidelity technique to engineer the center-of-mass state of single atoms in inhomogeneous environments. While the basic theory behind this process is well understood, several conceptual challenges for its experimental observation have still to be addressed. One of these is the difficulty that currently available optical or magnetic micro-trap systems have in adjusting the tunneling rate time dependently while keeping resonance between the asymptotic trapping states at all times. Here we suggest that both requirements can be fulfilled to a very high degree in an experimentally realistic setup based on radio-frequency traps on atom chips. We show that operations with close to $100%$ fidelity can be achieved and that these systems also allow significant improvements for performing adiabatic passage with interacting atomic clouds.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.83.053620

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Coherent transport by adiabatic passage has recently been suggested as a high-fidelity technique to engineer the center-of-mass state of single atoms in inhomogeneous environments. While the basic theory behind this process is well understood, several conceptual challenges for its experimental observation have still to be addressed. One of these is the difficulty that currently available optical or magnetic micro-trap systems have in adjusting the tunneling rate time dependently while keeping resonance between the asymptotic trapping states at all times. Here we suggest that both requirements can be fulfilled to a very high degree in an experimentally realistic setup based on radio-frequency traps on atom chips. We show that operations with close to 100100%100 fidelity can be achieved and that these systems also allow significant improvements for performing adiabatic passage with interacting atomic clouds.
Adiabatic techniques offer some of the most promising tools for achieving high-fidelity control of the center-of-mass degree of freedom of single atoms. Because the main requirement of these techniques is to follow an eigenstate of the system, constraints on timing and field strength stability are usually low, especially for trapped systems. In this paper we present a detailed example of a technique to adiabatically transport a single atom between different waveguides on an atom chip. To ensure that all conditions are fulfilled, we carry out fully three-dimensional simulations of the system, using experimentally realistic parameters. We also detail our method for simulating the system in very reasonable time scales on a consumer desktop machine by leveraging the power of graphics-processing-unit computing.
This chapter discusses an efficient and robust technique to coherently transport a single neutral atom, a single hole, or even a Bose–Albert Einstein condensate between the two extreme traps of a triple-well optical potential. It describes the main features of the optical microtrap array system used to isolate and manipulate individual neutral atoms. The chapter also discusses the main ideas behind the coherent control of matter wave tunneling based on adiabatic passage. It explains both a coherent single-hole diode and a coherent single-hole transistor in a triple-well potential. The chapter presents a single-hole diode by using the collisional interaction between two bosons as a control parameter to allow the whole transport from left to right, and inhibit the transport from right to left. Atomtronics is one of the foremost bottom-top approaches to quantum information science, where neutral atoms in optical, magnetic, and electric potentials form the building blocks of coherent diode and transistor-like devices.
During this thesis a novel trapping and manipulation technique for neutral atoms on atom chips has been developed and experimentally implemented. Radio-frequency (rf) coupling of internal states of magnetically trapped atoms results in versatile microscopic potentials, which overcome various limitations of static magnetic traps. An extensive experimental analysis of this new technique has been carried out, exploring the state-dependency of the rf potentials and the possible realization of non-trivial trapping geometries. Based on these results, the first coherent matter wave beam splitter on an atom chip has been realized, demonstrating for the first time the all-magnetic coherent splitting of a condensate. This new atom optical tool has then been applied to investigate the phase-properties of one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates. The potential configuration developed during this thesis provides direct access to the phase fluctuations in the system and has allowed the first time-resolved study of equilibrium properties and non-equilibrium dynamics in a one-dimensional Bose gas.
Spatial adiabatic passage processes for ultracold atoms trapped in tunnel-coupled cylindrically symmetric concentric potentials are investigated. Specifically, we discuss the matter-wave analog of the rapid adiabatic passage (RAP) technique for a high fidelity and robust loading of a single atom into a harmonic ring potential from a harmonic trap, and for its transport between two concentric rings. We also consider a system of three concentric rings and investigate the transport of a single atom between the innermost and the outermost rings making use of the matter-wave analog of the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) technique. We describe the RAP-like and STIRAP-like dynamics by means of a two- and a three-state model, respectively, obtaining good agreement with the numerical simulations of the corresponding two-dimensional Schrödinger equation.
Control over the quantum state of interacting particles to a high degree of fidelity is an important ability to have in the quest for understanding fundamental properties of non-classical states. However, the quickly increasing density of the spectrum, together with the appearance of crossings in time-dependent processes, makes any effort to control the system hard and resource intensive. Here we show that in trapped systems regimes can exist, in which isolated energy bands appear that allow to easily generalize known single-particle techniques. We demonstrate this for the well known spatial adiabatic passage effect, which can control the centre-of-mass state of atoms with high fidelity.
The development of advanced quantum technologies and the quest for a deeper understanding of many-particle quantum mechanics requires control over the quantum state of interacting particles to a high degree of fidelity. However, the quickly increasing density of the spectrum, together with the appearance of crossings in time-dependent processes, makes any effort to control the system hard and resource intensive. Here we show that in trapped systems regimes can exist in which isolated energy bands appear that allow one to easily generalize known single-particle techniques. We demonstrate this for the well-known spatial adiabatic passage effect, which can control the center-of-mass state of atoms with high fidelity.