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arXiv:1509.05627 · New Journal of Physics

Transport of ultracold atoms between concentric traps via spatial adiabatic passage

Juan Polo, Albert Benseny, Thomas Busch, V. Ahufinger, J. Mompart

Published Jan 15, 2016• 19 citations
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Abstract

Spatial adiabatic passage processes for ultracold atoms trapped in tunnel-coupled cylindrically symmetric concentric potentials are investigated. Specifically, we discuss the matter-wave analog of the rapid adiabatic passage (RAP) technique for a high fidelity and robust loading of a single atom into a harmonic ring potential from a harmonic trap, and for its transport between two concentric rings. We also consider a system of three concentric rings and investigate the transport of a single atom between the innermost and the outermost rings making use of the matter-wave analog of the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) technique. We describe the RAP-like and STIRAP-like dynamics by means of a two- and a three-state model, respectively, obtaining good agreement with the numerical simulations of the corresponding two-dimensional Schrödinger equation.

DOI
10.1088/1367-2630/18/1/015010

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Spatial adiabatic passage processes for ultracold atoms trapped in tunnel-coupled cylindrically symmetric concentric potentials are investigated. Specifically, we discuss the matter-wave analog of the rapid adiabatic passage (RAP) technique for a high fidelity and robust loading of a single atom into a harmonic ring potential from a harmonic trap, and for its transport between two concentric rings. We also consider a system of three concentric rings and investigate the transport of a single atom between the innermost and the outermost rings making use of the matter-wave analog of the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) technique. We describe the RAP-like and STIRAP-like dynamics by means of a two- and a three-state model, respectively, obtaining good agreement with the numerical simulations of the corresponding two-dimensional Schrödinger equation.
By definition, quantum adiabatic process means a slow process which allows the state to follow the instantaneous eigenstates of time-dependent Hamiltonian. For some reasons, for example, to avoid the decoherence effects, or to implement large-scale quantum information processing, we may want to speed up the adiabatic process, that is, to achieve the adiabatic-like control but in very short time. In this talk, we present new methods to speeded-up expansion and transport of cold atoms in a harmonic trap. Such shortcuts to adiabaticity provide the fast expansion or transport, in which the final atomic state is the same as in the adiabatic process, but in arbitrarily short time, keeping the same populations of vibrational levels in the initial and final trap. These methods can also be generalized to Bose-Einstein Condensates. Moreover, we present shortcuts to adiabatic passage from one internal atomic state to another in twoor three-level atoms. In detail, we can apply Berry’s transitionless quantum driving method and invariant-based inverse engineering method to accelerate the Rapid Adiabatic Passage (RAP) and Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage (STIRAP) in twoand three-level atomic systems, respectively. We also examine and compare the stability of different schemes concerning different types of noise and system errors. Finally, we show that the technique of shortcuts to adiabaticity in two-level system can be applied in fast and robust spin flip in a quantum dot, to avoid the decoherent effects.
The irreversible transport of multi-component Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is investigated within the Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage (STIRAP) scheme. A general formalism for a single BEC in M -well trap is derived and analogy between multi-photon and tunneling processes is demonstrated. STIRAP transport of BEC in a cyclic triple-well trap is explored for various values of detuning and interaction between BEC atoms. It is shown that STIRAP provides a complete population transfer at zero detuning and interaction and persists at their modest values. The detuning is found not to be obligatory. The possibility of non-adiabatic transport with intuitive order of couplings is demonstrated. Evolution of the condensate phases and generation of dynamical and geometric phases are inspected. It is shown that STIRAP allows to generate the unconventional geometrical phase which is now of a keen interest in quantum computing.
We consider a method of sub-wavelength superlocalization and patterning of atomic matter waves via a two dimensional stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (2D STIRAP) process. An atom initially prepared in its ground level interacts with a doughnut-shaped optical vortex pump beam and a traveling wave Stokes laser beam with a constant (top-hat) intensity profile in space. The beams are sent in a counter-intuitive temporal sequence, in which the Stokes pulse precedes the pump pulse. The atoms interacting with both the traveling wave and the vortex beam are transferred to a final state through the 2D STIRAP, while those located at the core of the vortex beam remain in the initial state, creating a super-narrow nanometer scale atomic spot in the spatial distribution of ground state atoms. By numerical simulations we show that the 2D STIRAP approach outperforms the established method of coherent population trapping, yielding much stronger confinement of atomic excitation. Numerical simulations of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation show that using such a method one can create 2D bright and dark solitonic structures in trapped Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs). The method allows one to circumvent the restriction set by the diffraction limit inherent to conventional methods for formation of localized solitons, with a full control over the position and size of nanometer resolution defects.
We investigate coherent atomic tunneling of a dilute gas Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) in a three-well system. In particular, we generalize stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) to adiabatically transport a BEC of 2000 7Li^{7}\mathrm{Li}7Li atoms between two wells with minimal occupation in the intervening well. This protocol paves the way for a robust method of control in atom-optical devices.
We investigate the coherent transport of a single particle and a Bose-Einstein condensate between the two extreme traps of a triple-well potential by means of the spatial adiabatic passage technique. This matter wave transport technique consists of adiabatically following an energy eigenstate of the system that only populates the vibrational ground states of the two extreme wells and presents at all times a node in the central region. Unraveling the (nonlinear) time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation in terms of Bohmian quantum trajectories, we show that by slowing down the total time duration of the transport process, Bohmian velocities in the central region are orders of magnitude larger than the mean atomic velocities. This leads to a very counterintuitive effect: in the regime of almost perfect adiabaticity, these velocities require relativistic corrections to properly address the transfer process and avoid superluminal propagation.
We study the generation of angular momentum carrying states for a single cold particle by breaking the symmetry of a spatial adiabatic passage process in a two-dimensional system consisting of three harmonic potential wells. By following a superposition of two eigenstates of the system, a single cold particle is completely transferred to the degenerate first excited states of the final trap, which are resonantly coupled via tunneling to the ground states of the initial and middle traps. Depending on the total time of the process, angular momentum is generated in the final trap, with values that oscillate between $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}\ensuremath{\hbar}$. This process is discussed in terms of the asymptotic eigenstates of the individual wells and the results are checked by simulations of the full two-dimensional Schr\"odinger equation.