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arXiv:0709.0985 · Physical Review A

Spatial coherent transport of interacting dilute Bose gases

M. Rab, Jared H. Cole, Nicholas G. Parker, Andrew D. Greentree, Lloyd C. L. Hollenberg, A. Martin

Published Jun 4, 2008• 86 citations
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Abstract

We investigate coherent atomic tunneling of a dilute gas Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) in a three-well system. In particular, we generalize stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) to adiabatically transport a BEC of 2000 $^{7}\mathrm{Li}$ atoms between two wells with minimal occupation in the intervening well. This protocol paves the way for a robust method of control in atom-optical devices.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.77.061602

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We investigate coherent atomic tunneling of a dilute gas Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) in a three-well system. In particular, we generalize stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) to adiabatically transport a BEC of 2000 7Li^{7}\mathrm{Li}7Li atoms between two wells with minimal occupation in the intervening well. This protocol paves the way for a robust method of control in atom-optical devices.
We theoretically examine three-well interferometry in Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) using adiabatic passage. Specifically, we demonstrate that a fractional coherent transport adiabatic passage protocol enables stable spatial splitting in the presence of nonlinear interactions. A reversal of this protocol produces a coherent recombination of the BEC with a phase-dependent population of the three wells. The effect of nonlinear interactions on the interferometric measurement is quantified and is found to lead to an enhancement in sensitivity for moderate interaction strengths.
The process of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) provides a possible route for the generation of a coherent molecular Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) from an atomic BEC. We analyze this process in a three-dimensional mean-field theory, including atom-atom interactions and nonresonant intermediate levels. We find that the process is feasible, but at larger Rabi frequencies than anticipated from a crude single-mode lossless analysis, due to two-photon dephasing caused by the atomic interactions. We then identify optimal strategies in STIRAP allowing one to maintain high conversion efficiencies with smaller Rabi frequencies and under experimentally less demanding conditions.
The irreversible transport of multi-component Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is investigated within the Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage (STIRAP) scheme. A general formalism for a single BEC in M -well trap is derived and analogy between multi-photon and tunneling processes is demonstrated. STIRAP transport of BEC in a cyclic triple-well trap is explored for various values of detuning and interaction between BEC atoms. It is shown that STIRAP provides a complete population transfer at zero detuning and interaction and persists at their modest values. The detuning is found not to be obligatory. The possibility of non-adiabatic transport with intuitive order of couplings is demonstrated. Evolution of the condensate phases and generation of dynamical and geometric phases are inspected. It is shown that STIRAP allows to generate the unconventional geometrical phase which is now of a keen interest in quantum computing.
In coherent control of Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) the major limitation to successful high fidelity transfer using optical Raman transitions is spontaneous emission of radiation and the decoherence that this causes. We present a scheme based on stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) designed specifically for Rubidium 87. STIRAP is a method of population transfer that relies on the adiabatic theorem of quantum mechanics. Instead of transferring population between Hamiltonian ground states, one adiabatically evolves the ground states into some desired superposition. We show that one may thereby implement arbitrary rotations of spinor BECs with extremely high fidelities. Our simulations show that given a BEC with N = 10 4 atoms, we may do an arbitrary unitary rotation with an infidelity of about 10 -7 that takes approximately 100 ns.
Summary form only given. Coherent conversion of an atomic to a molecular Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is a first step towards 'superchemistry', which is the atom optics analog of frequency conversion in nonlinear optics. A number of studies of this have shown that direct conversion via Raman photo-association appears feasible, based on stimulated free-bound and bound-bound transitions in the presence of two laser fields E/sup (1)/=E/sub 0//sup (1)/ cos(/spl omega//sup (1)/t) and E/sup (2)/=E/sub 0//sup (2)/ cos(/spl omega//sup (2)/t). Here pairs of atoms from the two-atom continuum are transferred-via an excited bound molecular state-to a bound molecular state of lower energy. Raman photo-association allows coupling to a single molecular state, which can be selected by the Raman laser frequencies /spl omega//sup (1)/ and /spl omega//sup (2)/. However, practical calculations using available lasers and transitions indicate that coherent transfer is often limited by spontaneous emission from the intermediate molecular excited electronic state. A possible route towards minimizing losses and decoherence from spontaneous emission is to use the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) method (Drummond et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. vol. 81, p. 3055, 1998) in which a counter-intuitive pulse sequence is used where the first input pulse couples the molecular levels, even when there are no molecules present.
We propose the use of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage to offer a fast high fidelity method of performing SU(2) rotations on spinor Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs). Past demonstrations of BECs optical control suffer from difficulties arising from collective enhancement of spontaneous emission and inefficient two-photon transitions originating from selection rules. We present here a scheme which allows for arbitrary coherent rotations of two-component BECs while overcoming these issues. Numerical tests of the method show that for BECs of 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb with up to 104{10}^{4}104 atoms and gate times of $1\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$, decoherence due to spontaneous emission can be suppressed to negligible values.