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Journal of Physics Conference Series

STIRAP schemes for atomic Bose-Einstein condensates

Andreas M. D. Thomasen, Tim Byrnes

Published Sep 1, 2016• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In coherent control of Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) the major limitation to successful high fidelity transfer using optical Raman transitions is spontaneous emission of radiation and the decoherence that this causes. We present a scheme based on stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) designed specifically for Rubidium 87. STIRAP is a method of population transfer that relies on the adiabatic theorem of quantum mechanics. Instead of transferring population between Hamiltonian ground states, one adiabatically evolves the ground states into some desired superposition. We show that one may thereby implement arbitrary rotations of spinor BECs with extremely high fidelities. Our simulations show that given a BEC with N = 10 4 atoms, we may do an arbitrary unitary rotation with an infidelity of about 10 -7 that takes approximately 100 ns.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/752/1/012004

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In coherent control of Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) the major limitation to successful high fidelity transfer using optical Raman transitions is spontaneous emission of radiation and the decoherence that this causes. We present a scheme based on stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) designed specifically for Rubidium 87. STIRAP is a method of population transfer that relies on the adiabatic theorem of quantum mechanics. Instead of transferring population between Hamiltonian ground states, one adiabatically evolves the ground states into some desired superposition. We show that one may thereby implement arbitrary rotations of spinor BECs with extremely high fidelities. Our simulations show that given a BEC with N = 10 4 atoms, we may do an arbitrary unitary rotation with an infidelity of about 10 -7 that takes approximately 100 ns.
Microwave-stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) between internal states of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) magnetically trapped in the vicinity of an atom chip is demonstrated by coherently transferring about 90 percent of a 7.000-atom BEC initially in the (F=2,mF=2) hyperfine level of the 5 2S1/2 ground state of 87Rb into (F=2,mF=1), using (F=1,mF=1) as an intermediate (unpopulated) level. The STIRAP protocol used in this experiment is robust to external perturbations as it is an adiabatic transfer, and power efficient as it involves only resonant (or quasi-resonant) processes. Taking into account the effect of losses and collisions in a Bloch equations model, we show that the maximum transfer efficiency is obtained for significantly non-zero values of the one- and two-photon detunings, which is confirmed quantitatively by our experimental measurements (and is shown to come mostly from inelastic collisions within (F=2,mF=1)). This work shows that microwave STIRAP between hyperfine ground states of magnetically trapped atoms is feasible, paving the way for STIRAP-based quantum information or metrology experiments integrated on a chip.
We propose the use of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage to offer a fast high fidelity method of performing SU(2) rotations on spinor Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs). Past demonstrations of BECs optical control suffer from difficulties arising from collective enhancement of spontaneous emission and inefficient two-photon transitions originating from selection rules. We present here a scheme which allows for arbitrary coherent rotations of two-component BECs while overcoming these issues. Numerical tests of the method show that for BECs of 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb with up to 104{10}^{4}104 atoms and gate times of $1\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$, decoherence due to spontaneous emission can be suppressed to negligible values.
Microwave-stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) between internal states of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) magnetically trapped in the vicinity of an atom chip is demonstrated by coherently transferring about 90 percent of a 7.000-atom BEC initially in the (F=2,mF=2) hyperfine level of the 5 2S1/2 ground state of 87Rb into (F=2,mF=1), using (F=1,mF=1) as an intermediate (unpopulated) level. The STIRAP protocol used in this experiment is robust to external perturbations as it is an adiabatic transfer, and power efficient as it involves only resonant (or quasi-resonant) processes. Taking into account the effect of losses and collisions in a Bloch equations model, we show that the maximum transfer efficiency is obtained for significantly non-zero values of the one- and two-photon detunings, which is confirmed quantitatively by our experimental measurements (and is shown to come mostly from inelastic collisions within (F=2,mF=1)). This work shows that microwave STIRAP between hyperfine ground states of magnetically trapped atoms is feasible, paving the way for STIRAP-based quantum information or metrology experiments integrated on a chip.
Summary form only given. Coherent conversion of an atomic to a molecular Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is a first step towards 'superchemistry', which is the atom optics analog of frequency conversion in nonlinear optics. A number of studies of this have shown that direct conversion via Raman photo-association appears feasible, based on stimulated free-bound and bound-bound transitions in the presence of two laser fields E/sup (1)/=E/sub 0//sup (1)/ cos(/spl omega//sup (1)/t) and E/sup (2)/=E/sub 0//sup (2)/ cos(/spl omega//sup (2)/t). Here pairs of atoms from the two-atom continuum are transferred-via an excited bound molecular state-to a bound molecular state of lower energy. Raman photo-association allows coupling to a single molecular state, which can be selected by the Raman laser frequencies /spl omega//sup (1)/ and /spl omega//sup (2)/. However, practical calculations using available lasers and transitions indicate that coherent transfer is often limited by spontaneous emission from the intermediate molecular excited electronic state. A possible route towards minimizing losses and decoherence from spontaneous emission is to use the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) method (Drummond et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. vol. 81, p. 3055, 1998) in which a counter-intuitive pulse sequence is used where the first input pulse couples the molecular levels, even when there are no molecules present.
The adiabaticity of the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) for the 87Rb atom–molecule conversion in a condensate system is investigated in terms of a newly defined adiabatic fidelity. The evolution of the dark state in the STIRAP is simulated numerically by considering the interparticle interactions and spontaneous emissions of the excited molecular state. We find that these terms will reduce the adiabatic fidelity; however, one can still achieve higher adiabatic fidelity through optimizing the external parameters of the STIRAP. Our discussions are helpful in obtaining higher conversion efficiency from an atomic Bose–Einstein condensate to its molecular counterpart in experiment.
Inspired by a recently experiment by M. Lettner et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 210503 (2011)], we propose a robust scheme to prepare three-dimensional entanglement state between a single atom and a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) via stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) technique. The atomic spontaneous radiation, the cavity decay, and the fiber loss are efficiently suppressed by the engineering adiabatic passage. Our strictly numerical simulation shows our proposal is good enough to demonstrate the generation of three-dimensional entanglement with high fidelity and within the current experimental technology.