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International Studies in the Philosophy of Science

On a Symmetry Argument for the Guidance Equation in Bohmian Mechanics

Bradford Skow

Published Dec 1, 2010• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Bohmian mechanics faces an underdetermination problem: when it comes to solving the measurement problem, alternatives to the Bohmian guidance equation work just as well as the official guidance equation. Dürr, Goldstein, and Zanghì have argued that of the candidate guidance equations, the official guidance equation is the simplest Galilean‐invariant candidate. This symmetry argument—if it worked—would solve the underdetermination problem. But the argument does not work. It fails because it rests on assumptions about how Galilean transformations (especially boosts) act on the wavefunction that are (in this context) unwarranted. My discussion has larger morals about the physical significance of certain mathematical results (like, for example, Wigner’s theorem) in non‐orthodox interpretations of quantum mechanics.

DOI
10.1080/02698595.2010.543350

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Bohmian mechanics faces an underdetermination problem: when it comes to solving the measurement problem, alternatives to the Bohmian guidance equation work just as well as the official guidance equation. Dürr, Goldstein, and Zanghì have argued that of the candidate guidance equations, the official guidance equation is the simplest Galilean‐invariant candidate. This symmetry argument—if it worked—would solve the underdetermination problem. But the argument does not work. It fails because it rests on assumptions about how Galilean transformations (especially boosts) act on the wavefunction that are (in this context) unwarranted. My discussion has larger morals about the physical significance of certain mathematical results (like, for example, Wigner’s theorem) in non‐orthodox interpretations of quantum mechanics.
Bohmian mechanics faces an underdetermination problem: when it comes to solving the measurement problem, alternatives to the Bohmian guidance equa- tion work just as well as the official guidance equation. Dürr, Goldstein, and Zanghì have argued that of the candidate guidance equations, the official guid- ance equation is the simplest Galilean-invariant candidate. This symmetry argument—if it worked—would solve the underdetermination problem. But the argument does not work. It fails because it rests on assumptions about how Galilean transformations (especially boosts) act on the wavefunction that are (in this context) unwarranted. My discussion has larger morals about the phys- ical significance of certain mathematical results (like, for example, Wigner’s theorem) in non-orthodox interpretations of quantum mechanics.
The de Broglie-Bohm interpretation of quantum mechanics (BM) has been favored as the preferred alternative to standard quantum mechanics on the ground that it allows a realist construal of the quantum world. We examine in the present work whether BM is consistent with scientific realism. Indeed, Bohmian mechanics makes strong ontological claims but accepts in principle the impossibility of generating epistemic warrants in support of its assumptions. We will argue that such a situation gives rise, at best, to an unsolvable underdetermination dilemma. This leads in turn to the following paradox: although Bohmian mechanics has frequently been invoked to reconcile quantum mechanics with realism, its status as a valid interpretation of quantum mechanics hinges nonetheless on nonevidential epistemological arguments traditionally associated with antirealism.
This paper presents a potentially significant and important result in quantum foundations: a derivation of the de Broglie-Bohm guidance equation v=∇S/m from probability conservation and spacetime symmetries alone, without assuming particle ontology. The argument is systematically constructed and addresses longstanding objections (Deotto-Ghirardi, Skow, etc.). If valid, it would elevate the guidance equation from an interpretational choice to a theorem within standard quantum mechanics. The work is mathematically detailed, philosophically informed, and includes concrete experimental proposals.
In this article, we present a view that the interpretation of quantum mechanics lacks unanimous approval among physicists. To show its inadequacy, we describe the well-known measurement problem and discuss two solutions: an orthodox solution and hidden variables. We provide a brief overview of Bohmian mechanics. We then derive the continuity equation for quantum mechanics and show that a realist interpretation of the quantum probability current ->j leads to the guiding equation for Bohmian mechanics.
In recent years, there has been a controversial debate in the literature regarding the choice among many interpretations of quantum mechanics. Based on certain realist desiderata, this debate has been partly addressed in the context of the choice between two opposite views about the mathematical space in which the fundamental ontology of this theory lives. Indeed, some scholars advocate a worldview in which this ontology lives in the abstract high-dimensional space, whilst others advocate a three-dimensional worldview, according to which the ontology lives in the physical space of our everyday experience. In this contribution, I will critically evaluate the tenability of solving the resulting underdetermination between the three/high-dimensional worldviews in the context of one particular quantum theory: the Bohmian approach. In so doing, I will be following two strategies: firstly, I will undermine the assumption that a set of theoretical or metaphysical virtues blocks the underdetermination problem associated with the mathematical space in which the fundamental Bohmian ontology lives; and secondly, I will propose a structural Bohmian interpretation through the use of dynamical symmetries (symplectic Lie groups), according to which the three/high-dimensional space distinction is just apparent as both spaces are grounded by the same dynamical, group-theoretic structure.
BOHMIAN MECHANICS AND QUANTUM EQUILIBRIUMDetlef Durr*, Sheldon Goldstein and Nino Zangh¨ ´i**Department of MathematicsRutgers UniversityNew Brunswick, NJ 089031. IntroductionWe report here on our work on Bohmian mechanics. A much more detailedpresentation will be published elsewhere [7].According to the quantum formalism, measurements performed on a quantumsystem with definite wave function typically yield random results. However, thequantum dynamics governing the evolution of the wave function over time, at leastwhen no measurement is being performed, and given, say, by Schrodinger’s equa-tion, is completely deterministic. Thus if all physical processes, including those wecall measurements, are governed by the same fundamental laws, and if one assumesthe wave function to be the complete description of the physical state, one arrivesat an inconsistency, often referred to as “the measurement problem” or the problemof the “collapse of the wave function.”Debates over this were strongly influenced by “quantum epistemology”—by theobligatory reference to the observer in a measurement, whose act of “observation”somehow creates the random outcome. In recent years, however, the growing disen-chantment with this irreducible reference to the observer has begun to assume theform of serious doubts about the validity and meaning of the quantum formalism.