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Progress of Theoretical Physics

On the Ordering Independence of the Path Integral Formalism

Tarō Kashiwa

Published Dec 1, 1980• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

It is shown that a path integral expression of the generating functional is independent of the ordering scheme one employs. The essential point is that {(Gl,l-Gl,l-1)-(Gl-1,l-Gl-1,l-1)}/ Δt is not of order Δt but of order unity, where Gj,k is the propagator. We also discuss the case of fermion and obtain the same conclusion. Thus one may choose any ordering scheme suitable for the problem under consideration even in the path integral formalism.

DOI
10.1143/ptp.64.2164

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It is shown that a path integral expression of the generating functional is independent of the ordering scheme one employs. The essential point is that {(Gl,l-Gl,l-1)-(Gl-1,l-Gl-1,l-1)}/ Δt is not of order Δt but of order unity, where Gj,k is the propagator. We also discuss the case of fermion and obtain the same conclusion. Thus one may choose any ordering scheme suitable for the problem under consideration even in the path integral formalism.
In this paper we ask if there is an interesting twist in mathematics of the Feynman propagator of the present day [1] formalism for the Dirac equation. The case studied is with only a potential function V . If there is no special integration order per step for e.g. dx(0) = dx1dx2dx3 and dp(0) = dp1dp2dp3, then a delta function occurs when c∆t ≈ 0 and −∞ <pj <∞ for j = 1,2,3. The found geoemtry of propagation can be tested in solid state chemistry. A crystal structure where only a two dimensional propagation of quasi particles can be created must be attached to the final step of the path integral. Neutron emission giving chemical isotopes is briefly discussed.
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The path-integral is a formulation of quantum mechanics equivalent to the standard one, offering a new point oh view of the subject which is more intuitive than the usual approach. In this work we firstly present the Dirac orginal idea and then we describe how Feynman developed it. Therefore we apply the path-integral approach to the case of a scalar field theory, introducing the concept of generating functional. Finally we illustrate two alternative representations of the generating functional, dual to the Schwinger formalism, discussing how they lead to a realation with the Hermite polynomials. We also introduce the Schwinger-Dyson equation and express it through the representations introduced.