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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Wavelength monitoring with mutually modulated cross-gain modulation in a semiconductor optical amplifier and Brillouin amplifier

Shalom Bloch, Alexander Lifshitz, Er’el Granot, Shmuel Sternklar

Published Mar 20, 2013• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We analyze and implement mutually modulated cross-gain modulation (MMXGM) in a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). In this effect, optical wavelength changes are converted into modulation phase changes with high sensitivity and resolution. In the slow-light transition regime, we demonstrate picometer sensitivity to the optical wavelength. We analyze the spectroscopic performance of the SOA-based MMXGM and the previously developed Brillouin-based MMXGM techniques, and compare them to that of material-dispersion-enhanced, slow-light spectroscopy in a Brillouin amplifier.

DOI
10.1364/josab.30.000974

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We analyze and implement mutually modulated cross-gain modulation (MMXGM) in a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). In this effect, optical wavelength changes are converted into modulation phase changes with high sensitivity and resolution. In the slow-light transition regime, we demonstrate picometer sensitivity to the optical wavelength. We analyze the spectroscopic performance of the SOA-based MMXGM and the previously developed Brillouin-based MMXGM techniques, and compare them to that of material-dispersion-enhanced, slow-light spectroscopy in a Brillouin amplifier.
The interaction of pump and Stokes light in a Brillouin medium, where both beams are modulated, can be utilized for controlling the group velocity of the amplified Stokes (or depleted pump). The dependence of the group velocity for this mutually-modulated cross-gain modulation (MMXGM) technique on the Brillouin gain parameter is studied. A sharp transition to slow light occurs in the G1α/β≈1 regime, where G1 is the Brillouin gain parameter, and α and β are the pump and Stokes modulation indices, respectively. A comparison of MMXGM slow light to the Brillouin dispersion-based slow-light technique reveals the fundamental differences between them. The formation of higher harmonics of the modulation frequency is also discussed. The theoretical predictions are experimentally corroborated and potential applications in fiber-based sensing and interferometry are discussed.
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Slow and fast light in quantum-well (QW) and quantum-dot (QD) semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) using nonlinear quantum optical effects are presented.We demonstrate electrical and optical controls of fast light using the coherent population oscillation (CPO) and four wave mixing (FWM) in the gain regime of QW SOAs.We then consider the dependence on the wavelength and modal gain of the pump in QW SOAs.To enhance the tunable photonic delay of a single QW SOA, we explore a serial cascade of multiple amplifiers.A model for the number of QW SOAs in series with variable optical attenuation is developed and matched to the experimental data.We demonstrate the scaling law and the bandwidth control by using the serial cascade of multiple QW SOAs.Experimentally, we achieve a phase change of 160 • and a scaling factor of four at 1 GHz using the cascade of four QW SOAs.Finally, we investigate CPO and FWM slow and fast light of QD SOAs.The experiment shows that the bandwidth of the time delay as a function of the modulation frequency changes in the absorption and gain regimes due to the carrier-lifetime variation.The tunable phase shift in QD SOA is compared between the ground-and first excited-state transitions with different modal gains.