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Optics Express

Observation of a comb of optical squeezing over many gigahertz of bandwidth

Roxy Senior, Gregory N. Milford, Jiří Janoušek, A. E. Dunlop, K. Wagner, Hans‐A. Bachor, Timothy C. Ralph, Elanor H. Huntington, C. C. Harb

Published Jan 1, 2007• 22 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We experimentally demonstrate the generation of optical squeezing at multiple longitudinal modes and transverse Hermite-Gauss modes of an optical parametric amplifier. We present measurements of approximately 3 dB squeezing at baseband, 1.7 GHz, 3.4 GHz and 5.1 GHz which correspond to the first, second and third resonances of the amplifier. We show that both the magnitude and the bandwidth of the squeezing at the higher longitudinal modes is greater than can be observed at baseband. The squeezing observed is the highest frequency squeezing reported to date.

DOI
10.1364/oe.15.005310

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We experimentally demonstrate the generation of optical squeezing at multiple longitudinal modes and transverse Hermite-Gauss modes of an optical parametric amplifier. We present measurements of approximately 3 dB squeezing at baseband, 1.7 GHz, 3.4 GHz and 5.1 GHz which correspond to the first, second and third resonances of the amplifier. We show that both the magnitude and the bandwidth of the squeezing at the higher longitudinal modes is greater than can be observed at baseband. The squeezing observed is the highest frequency squeezing reported to date.
We demonstrate quantum correlations in the transverse plane of continuous wave light beams by producing −4.0 dB, −2.6 dB and −1.5 dB of squeezing in the TEM00, TEM10 and TEM20 Hermite-Gauss modes with an optical parametric amplifier, respectively. This has potential applications in quantum information networking, enabling parallel quantum information processing. We describe the setup for the generation of squeezing and analyse the effects of various experimental issues such as mode overlap between pump and seed and nonlinear losses.
We demonstrate the experimental detection of an optical squeezing covering several higher resonances of the optical parametric amplifier (OPA) by adopting a bichromatic local oscillator (BLO). The BLO is generated from a waveguide electro-optic phase modulator (WGM) and subsequent optical mode cleaner (OMC), without the need of additional power balance and phase control. The WGM is used for generating the frequency-shifted sideband beams with equal power and certain phase difference, and the OMC is used for filtering the unwanted optical modes. Among a measurement frequency range from 0 to 16.64 GHz, the maximum squeezing factors are superior to 10 dB below the shot noise limit for the first three discrete odd-order resonances of the OPA.
The quantum statistics of a laser result in noise when measurements of the beam are made. This noise sets a classical limit beyond which a laser cannot be used with increasing sensitivity. This quantum noise limit is imposed on many of the uses of lasers currently, especially in power limited devices such as optical communications. The statistics of the laser photon field can be modified to produce a non-classical state resulting in lower noise than the quantum noise limit when detected appropriately. This state, called a squeezed state, has been measured previously from a cavity enhanced optical parametric oscillator (OPO) only at frequency sidebands within the linewidth of the cavity. ¶ This thesis reports measurements of squeezing at microwave frequency sidebands on an optical beam produced by an optical parametric oscillator. This is the first reported measurement of squeezing at frequency sidebands at higher longitudinal modes of the cavity from an OPO. Noise reduction below the quantum noise limit is measured at sideband frequencies of 5 MHz, 1.7 GHz, 3.4 GHz and 5.1 GHz, corresponding to the zeroth, first, second and third longitudinal modes from the squeezed beam. These results are the highest frequency sideband measurements of squeezing to date. In addition to measuring squeezing at different longitudinal modes for the fundamental Gaussian spatial mode, non-classical noise reduction is measured at the same frequencies for a squeezed higher order spatial mode, TEM10. ¶ A single mode theoretical model of the OPO is presented, based on the work of ref. [1]. Computer simulations of the squeezing predicted by this model are developed and compared to the experimental results, showing excellent agreement between the different longitudinal modes for each of the two spatial modes measured.
We demonstrate broadband phase-sensitive amplification (PSA) measurement of squeezed light generated by a waveguide optical parametric amplifier (OPA) with external dispersion compensation. In broadband systems, group velocity dispersion (GVD) induces a frequency-dependent rotation of the squeezing axis, which limits the observable bandwidth in PSA measurements. To overcome this limitation, we introduce external dispersion compensation between two OPAs and suppress the quadrature rotation over a wide frequency range. As a result, we observe a maximum squeezing of 5.9 dB near the carrier frequency and more than 5 dB of squeezing up to a frequency offset of 4.5 THz from the carrier. Furthermore, squeezing below the shot-noise level is confirmed up to a frequency offset of 6 THz from the carrier, corresponding to the accessible phase-matching bandwidth of the waveguide OPA. Our results establish a practical method for broadband characterization of squeezed light and provide a key step toward ultrafast continuous-variable quantum information processing.