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Physical Review A

Transparency and dressing for optical pulse pairs through a double-Λ absorbing medium

Elena Cerboneschi, E. Arimondo

Published Sep 1, 1995• 56 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Through numerical simulations we show that the propagation of pairs of optical pulses in a double-\ensuremath{\Lambda} configuration is favorable for the attainment of electromagnetically induced transparency with matched pulses, even through a long absorbing sample. The double-\ensuremath{\Lambda} configuration allows a flexible and precise control of the amplitudes and phases for the propagating pulses. Different atomic and field configurations based on a double-\ensuremath{\Lambda} system in rubidium atoms have been explored.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.52.r1823

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Gautam Vemuri, Kashyap V. Vasavada, G. S. Agarwal +1 more

The propagation of a pair of electromagnetic pulses through a coherently prepared atomic medium in the \ensuremath{\Lambda} configuration is studied. We find that even in an absorbing medium, it is possible to produce pulses that propagate shape invariant. The results reveal the spatiotemporal dynamics associated with field propagation, and highlight the role of atom preparation, pulse intensities, and medium length, on the final output pulses that one obtains. We also explore the prospects for pulse shaping and control by using dissimilar shaped pulses at the input to the medium and following their evolution. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.

Physical Review A•Oct 1, 1996•17 citations
Through numerical simulations we show that the propagation of pairs of optical pulses in a double-\ensuremath{\Lambda} configuration is favorable for the attainment of electromagnetically induced transparency with matched pulses, even through a long absorbing sample. The double-\ensuremath{\Lambda} configuration allows a flexible and precise control of the amplitudes and phases for the propagating pulses. Different atomic and field configurations based on a double-\ensuremath{\Lambda} system in rubidium atoms have been explored.
Quantum coherence and interference in atomic systems can lead to interesting optical phenomena such as nonabsorbing resonances, lasing without inversion, generating an ultrahigh index of refraction without absorption, propagation of light pulses without losses. In the last-named is given the title transparency. Up to now it is known some types of transparency in multi-level resonant media. One of them is electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The phenomenon of EIT in the propagation of laser radiation through an absorbing medium has been recently investigated and explained in terms of quantum coherence and interference for multi-level atomic system. For instance in the (Lambda) -system, if the atomic medium is prepared in a quantum superposition of states, matched pulses, i.e., a pair of optical pulses whose amplitude and phase have a well defined relation, propagate without absorption. The mechanism of coherent population trapping is responsible for EIT in a (Lambda) -system. There is another, well known mechanism for creating transparency in a two-state atom: self-induced transparency, or SIT. Here, a single pulse whose area (the integral of its Rabi frequency over time) is 2(pi) is applied to the medium. Such a pulse causes the atoms to cycle smoothly from the ground to the excited state and then back again. In principle, such a pulse can propagate over long distances. SIT can be generalized to multi-level systems and multiple quasi-monochromatic fields. Generalization of SIT in a (Lambda) -system was obtained in reference 2. In this report we present a new type of transparency (combined transparency). This type describes propagation of laser pulse through a (Lambda) -type medium where the initial atomic state is prepared in the form of spatially varying coherent superposition of low-energetic states (initial coherency gradient). The common envelope behaves as usual 2(pi) hyperbolic secant pulse, but the ratio between the components of frequencies transitions 1> yields 3> and 2> yields 3> changes due to coherent Raman scattering so (phi) equals atan(E1/E2) equals (pi) /2-Gz, where z is the coordinate, G is the constant determined by both the incident pulse parameters and the initial coherence between the atomic states. Our solution demonstrates a direct connection of EIT in adiabatic regime to the SIT effects. This type of a transparency is given the title screw-type transparency, because for the given form of incident pulse (pitch of screw) medium is transparent, if medium's the initial coherence gradient is correspondingly prepared (thread on a engine nut). Besides a transparency, this phenomenon contains a transformation of the incident pulse frequency during the process of the propagation. This property of the phenomena can be result in a complete conversion of the frequency.
Simultaneous propagation of two probe pulses in a medium of four-level atoms irradiated by three control fields is studied. The double Λ configuration has been closed by a fifth field, coupling the lower levels. It is shown that the propagation can be described in terms of four modes characterized by particular effective susceptibilities, which have absorption or gain peaks and transparency windows. For incoming one-peak pulses, multipeak spectra are built during the propagation including a few components of well-defined frequencies. They evolve along the sample with some of their spectral components being transmitted, absorbed, or amplified.
Pulse propagation is studied in an atomic medium in the Λ configuration with the control field having a periodically varying phase (chirp). Numerical calculations of a probe-pulse shape have been performed and the results are compared with those for an approximate model neglecting absorption and nonadiabatic effects. It is shown that transparency occurs for probe pulses having a sufficiently narrow envelope and an appropriately suited chirp. For other chirped probe pulses the evolution of their spectra along a sample is studied. Using a projection method, one can divide a pulse into two components: one for which the medium is transparent and the remaining one for which it is opaque.
It is experimentally demonstrated that the effect of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) can be controlled through the radiation phases. Corresponding investigations are performed by exciting a sodium atomic vapour by four-frequency laser radiation in a double-Λ configuration. In such a system the nonabsorbing (dark) state, responsible for EIT, is created only for particular values of the relative radiation phase. This phase dependency is confirmed using three different methods of phase control. Additionally, the relative phase is set at defined values in order to adjust the medium to a fixed transmission behaviour.
The propagation of a pair of electromagnetic pulses through a coherently prepared atomic medium in the \ensuremath{\Lambda} configuration is studied. We find that even in an absorbing medium, it is possible to produce pulses that propagate shape invariant. The results reveal the spatiotemporal dynamics associated with field propagation, and highlight the role of atom preparation, pulse intensities, and medium length, on the final output pulses that one obtains. We also explore the prospects for pulse shaping and control by using dissimilar shaped pulses at the input to the medium and following their evolution. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.