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Physical Review A

Ramsey-Bordé atom interferometer having two arms with different Zeeman sublevels

Shinya Yanagimachi, Kenji Mizobuchi, Atsuo Morinaga

Published Sep 13, 2001• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An atom interferometer, whose arms are in the different sublevels, was demonstrated using two ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{+}$- and two ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$-polarized, copropagating, laser beams in a magnetic field. Using the interferometer, Ramsey fringes with a width of 50 kHz were observed as a function of Zeeman shift frequency. The visibility of the interference fringes of 0.046 was obtained at an excitation power of almost $\ensuremath{\pi}/2$ pulse area.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.64.041601

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An atom interferometer, whose arms are in the different sublevels, was demonstrated using two \ensuremathσ+{\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{+}\ensuremathσ+- and two \ensuremathσ\ensuremath−{\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremathσ\ensuremath−-polarized, copropagating, laser beams in a magnetic field. Using the interferometer, Ramsey fringes with a width of 50 kHz were observed as a function of Zeeman shift frequency. The visibility of the interference fringes of 0.046 was obtained at an excitation power of almost \ensuremathπ/2\ensuremath{\pi}/2\ensuremathπ/2 pulse area.
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An atom interferometer using two Stern-Gerlach magnets as polariser and analyser is described. The interferometer was first operated with a thermal beam of ground state potassium atoms. In that case the beam splitters are two radio-frequency zones within a transverse homogeneous magnetic field building a coherent superposition of Zeeman states. Ramsey fringes are obtained by scanning the RF-frequency through the resonance profile. Pulsing the RF power allows to get the time-of-flight distribution of the beam. Atomic interference fringes (``Stern-Gerlach fringes'') are observed when the magnitude of an inhomogeneous magnetic field located in between the beam splitters is scanned. When the inhomogeneous field is also pulsed, the scalar Bohm-Aharonov effect is observed. The use of metastable helium atoms (He*23S) in place of potassium atoms is proposed. In addition to the usual advantages provided by metastable atoms of high internal energy, this atom offers the specific advantage to behave as an ideal spin-one particle. This allows us to greatly simplify the polarisation scheme of the interferometer. Possible applications involving transversally inhomogeneous magnetic fields are given and limitations due to the finite source size and angular aperture are discussed.
We perform atom interferometry using the Zeeman sublevels of a spin-2 Bose-Einstein condensate of 87^{87}87Rb. The observed fringes are strongly peaked, and fringe repetition rates higher than the fundamental Ramsey frequency are found in agreement with a simple theory based on spin rotations. With a suitable choice of initial states, the interferometer could function as a useful tool for magnetometry and studies of spinor dynamics in general.
We present an atom interferometer based on the interference of three partial matter waves in three different internal and external states. Coherent laser excitation acts as a beamsplitter to create a superposition state of the ground state and two Zeeman sublevels of the metastable state of magnesium atoms. The interference pattern of the output ports shows high contrast and the characteristics of three-beam interferences as known from optical interferometry. In comparison to two-beam interferometry a reduction of the fringe width of (32\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}8)% is observed. This offers various possibilities for improved measurements of quantum-mechanical phases due to the internal atomic-state sensitive coupling of external potentials. This is demonstrated for the interaction of magnesium atoms with an external magnetic field.