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Optics Letters

Ramsey fringes in the nonlinear Hanle effect in a metastable atomic beam

Graciela Bertuccelli, N. Beverini, Mara Galli, M. Inguscio, F. Strumia

Published Jun 1, 1986• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Evidence of coherence effects has been observed in the Zeeman sublevels by means of nonlinear level crossing in a metastable Ca beam with resonance width 3 orders of magnitude less than the radiative linewidth of the investigated transitions. By using two separate traveling waves, Ramsey-like fringes have been observed. The final measured widths are determined by the transit time, are weakly dependent on the magnetic-field inhomogeneities, and are independent of the natural width of the optical transitions and the laser bandwidth.

DOI
10.1364/ol.11.000351

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Physical Review A•Sep 13, 2001•5 citations
Evidence of coherence effects has been observed in the Zeeman sublevels by means of nonlinear level crossing in a metastable Ca beam with resonance width 3 orders of magnitude less than the radiative linewidth of the investigated transitions. By using two separate traveling waves, Ramsey-like fringes have been observed. The final measured widths are determined by the transit time, are weakly dependent on the magnetic-field inhomogeneities, and are independent of the natural width of the optical transitions and the laser bandwidth.
The authors report the observation of narrow Ramsey-type fringes in a caesium beam by applying two spatially separated resonant laser fields. Zeeman coherences created by the first laser evolve in a constant magnetic field and are probed by the second laser. The fluorescence of the atoms in the probe light is recorded as a function of the magnetic field, showing a Ramsey-type interference pattern. Linewidths of the central valley of 0.5 mG are obtained when the distance between the two lasers is 34.5 cm. The influence of the thermal beam velocity distribution is discussed.
A general equation for the interaction of atoms with many separated traveling waves is introduced, and the oscillating terms corresponding to the Ramsey fringes are found in the equation. The features of the multizone Ramsey resonance are quite comprehensible with the aid of the diagrammatic representation of the atomic beam and laser fields. The resonance condition and the narrowing effect of the fringe width are discussed. Using the intercombination line of a Ca atom, the multizone Ramsey resonances of up to ten separated fields were demonstrated. With the ten separated fields, the Ramsey fringes with a contrast of 130% to the saturation dip could be obtained at a relatively small excitation power.
We investigate the evolution of the atomic coherence between Zeeman sublevels with $\ensuremath{\Delta}{m}_{F}=2$ in the region between pump and probe laser beams, in a Rb vapor cell using the Hanle configuration. The transmission of the probe beam, placed inside the hollow pump beam, shows the narrowing of the Hanle resonance (at external magnetic field B=0B=0B=0) by Ramsey fringes whose separation from the central peak depends on the distance between the beams. The temporal evolution of the pump induced alignment is evident from the changes of the probe transmission spectra with increasing the angle between linear polarizations of each beam. Experimental results are in agreement with the results of the model which calculates probe fluorescence by solving time-dependent optical Bloch equations, from the time when atom enters the pump beam to the time when it leaves the probe beam. The results for total excited state populations were averaged over atomic velocities distribution.
An atom interferometer, whose arms are in the different sublevels, was demonstrated using two ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{+}$- and two ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$-polarized, copropagating, laser beams in a magnetic field. Using the interferometer, Ramsey fringes with a width of 50 kHz were observed as a function of Zeeman shift frequency. The visibility of the interference fringes of 0.046 was obtained at an excitation power of almost $\ensuremath{\pi}/2$ pulse area.