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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Squeezing of photon-number fluctuations in the frequency range wider than 300 MHz in light-emitting diodes at room temperature

Masahide Kobayashi, Yutaka Kadoya, Hiroyuki Yuji, 竜二 増山, Masamichi Yamanishi

Published Jul 1, 2000• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present the experimental results on the squeezing of photon-number fluctuations in tailor-made light-emitting diodes (LED’s). In the LED, a highly p-doped separate confinement heterostructure is adopted as the active region to shorten the radiative recombination lifetime. In addition, a photodiode is monolithically integrated with the LED to enhance the photon-collection efficiency, which allows strong squeezing. The squeezing below the standard quantum-limit level over a wide frequency range, near-dc to 300 MHz, at room temperature and the maximum squeezing depths, 0.86 dB at room temperature and 2.6 dB at low temperature, are demonstrated.

DOI
10.1364/josab.17.001257

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We have investigated the squeezing of intensity-fluctuation below the full-shot-noise level in light-emitting diodes (LEDs) at low-photon flux levels. By using a tailor-made LED, the squeezing over a wide frequency range, near-dc to 1.5 GHz was achieved at an injection-current level as low as 100 μA. As a result, the number of photons, which can be expected in the sub-Poissonian light, was reduced to the order of 105 per pulse, nearly three orders of magnitude smaller than those obtained in commercial LEDs.
Summary form only given. Generally, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are considered to be low-performance devices in comparison with laser diodes (LDs). However, for future applications such as the parallel inter- or intra-integrated-circuit chip optical-connections, where very low power-consumption is required for the light emitters, a LED can be a very attractive device because of the threshold-free input-output characteristics. So far, continuous efforts have been made to improve the performance of LEDs. In this paper, we focus on another very important aspect, i.e. the noise characteristics. In comparison with LDs, in general, LEDs exhibit excellent noise characteristics, particularly at low injection levels. We show that the intensity fluctuation of the output light from an LED can be squeezed below the full shot-noise (FSN) level in a wide frequency range up to 800 MHz at room temperature. Such a squeezing bandwidth, three orders of magnitude wider than that in the first report on shot-noise suppression in a LED and rather close to the widest bandwidth (1.1 GHz) obtained with LDs at 77 K has been believed to be impossible. In addition, use of a separate confinement hetero(SCH-) structure in the active region allowed us to use a moderate doping concentration (5 /spl times/ 10/sup 18/ cm/sup -3/), resulting in a sufficiently high internal quantum efficiency, /spl sim/30%.
The generation of photon-number squeezed states or sub-Poissonian light using semiconductor devices is especially attractive because of its simple experimental configuration, small energy consumption, and the possibility of large amplitude noise reduction by using high quantum efficiency devices. Recently, 3 dB squeezing at liquid nitrogen temperature and 80 MHz (3 dB roll-off bandwidth) squeezing at room temperature were reported by using a light-emitting diode. In this paper, we demonstrate over 200 MHz squeezing at 48 K.
We report photon-number squeezing measurements on high-efficiency double heterojunction AlGaAs infrared light-emitting diodes. The overall current-to-current efficiency was 0.25 at room temperature and 0.40 at 77 K, resulting in a noise reduction below the Standard Quantum Limit of 1.1 dB and 2.0dB, respectively. In addition, photocurrent correlation experiments were carried out with 2 or 3 LEDs in series, revealing a normalized correlation coefficient of 0.25 at room temperature and 0.40 at 77 K.
Summary form only given. Among a variety of schemes for nonclassical light generation, the generation of sub-Poissonian photon-states with semiconductor lasers or light-emitting-diodes (LEDs) has been attracting much attention, primarily from engineering point of view. In this talk, we shall present our experimental results, manifesting substantial noise suppression of output photon fluxes below standard quantum limit (SQL) level from a single LED surprisingly without recourse to high-impedance circuit at room temperature. The observed squeezing is interpreted semiquantitatively in terms of our new model including effects of microscopic backward pump process.